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Date:   Mon, 16 Oct 2023 16:39:35 -0400
From:   Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
To:     Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc:     David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
        Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>,
        Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>,
        Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>, linux-mm@kvack.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH V2 0/6] mm: page_alloc: freelist migratetype hygiene
Message-ID: <20231016203935.GB1042487@cmpxchg.org>
References: <329AB331-DDC1-4074-A85E-AB5CF866CE84@nvidia.com>
 <20231010211200.GA129823@cmpxchg.org>
 <D6A142AB-08F6-4335-8D08-1743DFAAD10C@nvidia.com>
 <43350F6E-E56D-41C8-8441-A96D83B7D7C1@nvidia.com>
 <ED43DACB-C77F-40D3-8806-D3F26AD95E8D@nvidia.com>
 <20231016143717.GH470544@cmpxchg.org>
 <5B61B70F-E85D-4E6F-8856-17A90B899F98@nvidia.com>
 <20231016185113.GI470544@cmpxchg.org>
 <6F2C52B6-2031-4694-A124-0DFDE9F88E88@nvidia.com>
 <20231016202629.GA1042487@cmpxchg.org>
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On Mon, Oct 16, 2023 at 04:26:30PM -0400, Johannes Weiner wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 16, 2023 at 03:49:49PM -0400, Zi Yan wrote:
> > On 16 Oct 2023, at 14:51, Johannes Weiner wrote:
> > 
> > > On Mon, Oct 16, 2023 at 11:00:33AM -0400, Zi Yan wrote:
> > >> On 16 Oct 2023, at 10:37, Johannes Weiner wrote:
> > >>
> > >>> On Mon, Oct 16, 2023 at 09:35:34AM -0400, Zi Yan wrote:
> > >>>>> The attached patch has all the suggested changes, let me know how it
> > >>>>> looks to you. Thanks.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> The one I sent has free page accounting issues. The attached one fixes them.
> > >>>
> > >>> Do you still have the warnings? I wonder what went wrong.
> > >>
> > >> No warnings. But something with the code:
> > >>
> > >> 1. in your version, split_free_page() is called without changing any pageblock
> > >> migratetypes, then split_free_page() is just a no-op, since the page is
> > >> just deleted from the free list, then freed via different orders. Buddy allocator
> > >> will merge them back.
> > >
> > > Hm not quite.
> > >
> > > If it's the tail block of a buddy, I update its type before
> > > splitting. The splitting loop looks up the type of each block for
> > > sorting it onto freelists.
> > >
> > > If it's the head block, yes I split it first according to its old
> > > type. But then I let it fall through to scanning the block, which will
> > > find that buddy, update its type and move it.
> > 
> > That is the issue, since split_free_page() assumes the pageblocks of
> > that free page have different types. It basically just free the page
> > with different small orders summed up to the original free page order.
> > If all pageblocks of the free page have the same migratetype, __free_one_page()
> > will merge these small order pages back to the original order free page.
> 
> duh, of course, you're right. Thanks for patiently explaining this.
> 
> > >> 2. in my version, I set pageblock migratetype to new_mt before split_free_page(),
> > >> but it causes free page accounting issues, since in the case of head, free pages
> > >> are deleted from new_mt when they are in old_mt free list and the accounting
> > >> decreases new_mt free page number instead of old_mt one.
> > >
> > > Right, that makes sense.
> > >
> > >> Basically, split_free_page() is awkward as it relies on preset migratetypes,
> > >> which changes migratetypes without deleting the free pages from the list first.
> > >> That is why I came up with the new split_free_page() below.
> > >
> > > Yeah, the in-between thing is bad. Either it fixes the migratetype
> > > before deletion, or it doesn't do the deletion. I'm thinking it would
> > > be simpler to move the deletion out instead.
> > 
> > Yes and no. After deletion, a free page no longer has PageBuddy set and
> > has buddy_order information cleared. Either we reset PageBuddy and order
> > to the deleted free page, or split_free_page() needs to be changed to
> > accept pages without the information (basically remove the PageBuddy
> > and order check code).
> 
> Good point, that requires extra care.
> 
> It's correct in the code now, but it deserves a comment, especially
> because of the "buddy" naming in the new split function.
> 
> > >> Hmm, if CONFIG_ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER can make a buddy have more than one
> > >> pageblock and in turn makes an in-use page have more than one pageblock,
> > >> we will have problems. Since in isolate_single_pageblock(), an in-use page
> > >> can have part of its pageblock set to a different migratetype and be freed,
> > >> causing the free page with unmatched migratetypes. We might need to
> > >> free pages at pageblock_order if their orders are bigger than pageblock_order.
> > >
> > > Is this a practical issue? You mentioned that right now only gigantic
> > > pages can be larger than a pageblock, and those are freed in order-0
> > > chunks.
> > 
> > Only if the system allocates a page (non hugetlb pages) with >pageblock_order
> > and frees it with the same order. I just do not know if such pages exist on
> > other arch than x86. Maybe I just think too much.
> 
> Hm, I removed LRU pages from the handling (and added the warning) but
> I left in PageMovable(). The only users are z3fold, zsmalloc and
> memory ballooning. AFAICS none of them can be bigger than a pageblock.
> Let me remove that and add a warning for that case as well.
> 
> This way, we only attempt to migrate hugetlb, where we know the free
> path - and get warnings for anything else that's larger than expected.
> 
> This seems like the safest option. On the off chance that there is a
> regression, it won't jeopardize anybody's systems, while the warning
> provides all the information we need to debug what's going on.

This delta on top?

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index b5292ad9860c..0da7c61af37e 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ static int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
-/* Look for a multi-block buddy that straddles start_pfn */
+/* Look for a buddy that straddles start_pfn */
 static unsigned long find_large_buddy(unsigned long start_pfn)
 {
 	int order = 0;
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@ static unsigned long find_large_buddy(unsigned long start_pfn)
 	return start_pfn;
 }
 
-/* Split a multi-block buddy into its individual pageblocks */
+/* Split a multi-block free page into its individual pageblocks */
 static void split_large_buddy(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 			      unsigned long pfn, int order)
 {
@@ -1661,6 +1661,9 @@ static void split_large_buddy(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(order < pageblock_order);
 	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1));
 
+	/* Caller removed page from freelist, buddy info cleared! */
+	VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(PageBuddy(page));
+
 	while (pfn != end_pfn) {
 		int mt = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
 
diff --git a/mm/page_isolation.c b/mm/page_isolation.c
index b4d53545496d..c8b3c0699683 100644
--- a/mm/page_isolation.c
+++ b/mm/page_isolation.c
@@ -399,14 +399,8 @@ static int isolate_single_pageblock(unsigned long boundary_pfn, int flags,
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
-
 #if defined CONFIG_COMPACTION || defined CONFIG_CMA
-			/*
-			 * hugetlb, and movable compound pages can be
-			 * migrated. Otherwise, fail the isolation.
-			 */
-			if (PageHuge(page) || __PageMovable(page)) {
+			if (PageHuge(page)) {
 				struct compact_control cc = {
 					.nr_migratepages = 0,
 					.order = -1,
@@ -426,9 +420,19 @@ static int isolate_single_pageblock(unsigned long boundary_pfn, int flags,
 
 				pfn = head_pfn + nr_pages;
 				continue;
-			} else
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * These pages are movable too, but they're
+			 * not expected to exceed pageblock_order.
+			 *
+			 * Let us know when they do, so we can add
+			 * proper free and split handling for them.
+			 */
+			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
+			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(__PageMovable(page), page);
 #endif
-				goto failed;
+			goto failed;
 		}
 
 		pfn++;