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From: "H.J. Lu" <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 2024 13:10:18 -0800
Message-ID: <CAMe9rOog8r_qR1PBb-W3G+ma5zUX+YDeR3QnuE-xU3mL_=ywSg@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [tip: x86/fred] x86/ptrace: Cleanup the definition of the pt_regs structure
To: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Xin Li <xin@zytor.com>, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, 
	tip-bot2 for Xin Li <tip-bot2@linutronix.de>, linux-tip-commits@vger.kernel.org, 
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>, "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de>, Shan Kang <shan.kang@intel.com>, 
	x86@kernel.org
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On Tue, Feb 6, 2024 at 12:45=E2=80=AFPM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrot=
e:
>
> On February 6, 2024 11:04:13 AM PST, Xin Li <xin@zytor.com> wrote:
> >On 2/3/2024 3:52 PM, H. Peter Anvin wrote:
> >> On January 31, 2024 1:14:52 PM PST, tip-bot2 for Xin Li <tip-bot2@linu=
tronix.de> wrote:
> >>> The following commit has been merged into the x86/fred branch of tip:
> >>>
> >>> Commit-ID:     ee63291aa8287cb7ded767d340155fe8681fc075
> >>> Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/ee63291aa8287cb7ded767d3401=
55fe8681fc075
> >>> Author:        Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
> >>> AuthorDate:    Tue, 05 Dec 2023 02:50:02 -08:00
> >>> Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> >>> CommitterDate: Wed, 31 Jan 2024 22:01:13 +01:00
> >>>
> >>> x86/ptrace: Cleanup the definition of the pt_regs structure
> >>>
> >>> struct pt_regs is hard to read because the member or section related
> >>> comments are not aligned with the members.
> >>>
> >>> The 'cs' and 'ss' members of pt_regs are type of 'unsigned long' whil=
e
> >>> in reality they are only 16-bit wide. This works so far as the
> >>> remaining space is unused, but FRED will use the remaining bits for
> >>> other purposes.
> >>>
> >>> To prepare for FRED:
> >>>
> >>>   - Cleanup the formatting
> >>>   - Convert 'cs' and 'ss' to u16 and embed them into an union
> >>>     with a u64
> >>>   - Fixup the related printk() format strings
> >>>
> >>> Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> >>> Originally-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> >>> Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@intel.com>
> >>> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
> >>> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> >>> Tested-by: Shan Kang <shan.kang@intel.com>
> >>> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231205105030.8698-14-xin3.li@intel.=
com
> >
> >[...]
> >
> >>> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process_6=
4.c
> >>> index 33b2687..0f78b58 100644
> >>> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
> >>> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c
> >>> @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void __show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs, enum show_=
regs_mode mode,
> >>>
> >>>     printk("%sFS:  %016lx(%04x) GS:%016lx(%04x) knlGS:%016lx\n",
> >>>            log_lvl, fs, fsindex, gs, gsindex, shadowgs);
> >>> -   printk("%sCS:  %04lx DS: %04x ES: %04x CR0: %016lx\n",
> >>> +   printk("%sCS:  %04x DS: %04x ES: %04x CR0: %016lx\n",
> >>>             log_lvl, regs->cs, ds, es, cr0);
> >>>     printk("%sCR2: %016lx CR3: %016lx CR4: %016lx\n",
> >>>             log_lvl, cr2, cr3, cr4);
> >>
> >> Incidentally, the comment about callee-saved registers is long since b=
oth obsolete and is now outright wrong.
> >>
> >> The next version of gcc (14 I think) will have an attribute to turn of=
f saving registers which we can use for top-level C functions.

__attribute__((no_callee_saved_registers))) has been added to GCC 14.

> >
> >Forgive my ignorance, do we have an official definition for "top-level C=
 functions"?
> >
> >Thanks!
> >    Xin
> >
>
> (Adding H.J., who did the gcc implementation of __attribute__((no_callee_=
saved_registers))).
>
> The top level C functions are the ones whose stack frame are immediately =
below the exception/syscall frame, i.e. the C function called from the entr=
y assembly code and functions tailcalled from those (unless they set up a s=
tack frame for things like memory structures passed to the called function.=
)
>
> Note that the implementation should properly handle the case when calling=
 these functions from C (accidentally, or because it is a rare case that ca=
n be validly pessimized.)

GCC 14 should handle it properly.  If not, please open a GCC bug.


--=20
H.J.