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From: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@kernel.org>
To: Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>,
	Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Cc: linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
	Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@linux.dev>,
	bpf <bpf@vger.kernel.org>,
	Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>,
	Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>,
	Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>,
	Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>,
	Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>,
	Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>,
	Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
	Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH v8 13/35] function_graph: Use a simple LRU for fgraph_array index number
Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:17:25 +0900
Message-Id: <170887424513.564249.7565785232831569172.stgit@devnote2>
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From: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>

Since the fgraph_array index is used for the bitmap on the shadow
stack, it may leave some entries after a function_graph instance is
removed. Thus if another instance reuses the fgraph_array index soon
after releasing it, the fgraph may confuse to call the newer callback
for the entries which are pushed by the older instance.
To avoid reusing the fgraph_array index soon after releasing, introduce
a simple LRU table for managing the index number. This will reduce the
possibility of this confusion.

Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
---
 Changes in v8:
  - Add a WARN_ON_ONCE() if fgraph_lru_table[] is broken when releasing
    index, and remove WARN_ON_ONCE() from unregister_ftrace_graph()
  - Fix to release allocated index if register_ftrace_graph() fails.
  - Add comments and code cleanup.
 Changes in v5:
  - Fix the underflow bug in fgraph_lru_release_index() and return 0
    if the release is succeded.
 Changes in v4:
  - Newly added.
---
 kernel/trace/fgraph.c |   72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/fgraph.c b/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
index ae42de909845..da5f269ce718 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
@@ -99,10 +99,48 @@ enum {
 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(kill_ftrace_graph);
 int ftrace_graph_active;
 
-static int fgraph_array_cnt;
-
 static struct fgraph_ops *fgraph_array[FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE];
 
+/* LRU index table for fgraph_array */
+static int fgraph_lru_table[FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE];
+static int fgraph_lru_next;
+static int fgraph_lru_last;
+
+/* Initialize fgraph_lru_table with unused index */
+static void fgraph_lru_init(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
+		fgraph_lru_table[i] = i;
+}
+
+/* Release the used index to the LRU table */
+static int fgraph_lru_release_index(int idx)
+{
+	if (idx < 0 || idx >= FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE ||
+	    WARN_ON_ONCE(fgraph_lru_table[fgraph_lru_last] != -1))
+		return -1;
+
+	fgraph_lru_table[fgraph_lru_last] = idx;
+	fgraph_lru_last = (fgraph_lru_last + 1) % FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Allocate a new index from LRU table */
+static int fgraph_lru_alloc_index(void)
+{
+	int idx = fgraph_lru_table[fgraph_lru_next];
+
+	/* No id is available */
+	if (idx == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	fgraph_lru_table[fgraph_lru_next] = -1;
+	fgraph_lru_next = (fgraph_lru_next + 1) % FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE;
+	return idx;
+}
+
 static inline int get_ret_stack_index(struct task_struct *t, int offset)
 {
 	return t->ret_stack[offset] & FGRAPH_RET_INDEX_MASK;
@@ -367,7 +405,7 @@ int function_graph_enter(unsigned long ret, unsigned long func,
 	if (index < 0)
 		goto out;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < fgraph_array_cnt; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
 		struct fgraph_ops *gops = fgraph_array[i];
 
 		if (gops == &fgraph_stub)
@@ -919,7 +957,7 @@ int register_ftrace_graph(struct fgraph_ops *gops)
 {
 	int command = 0;
 	int ret = 0;
-	int i;
+	int i = -1;
 
 	mutex_lock(&ftrace_lock);
 
@@ -935,21 +973,16 @@ int register_ftrace_graph(struct fgraph_ops *gops)
 		/* The array must always have real data on it */
 		for (i = 0; i < FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
 			fgraph_array[i] = &fgraph_stub;
+		fgraph_lru_init();
 	}
 
-	/* Look for an available spot */
-	for (i = 0; i < FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
-		if (fgraph_array[i] == &fgraph_stub)
-			break;
-	}
-	if (i >= FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE) {
+	i = fgraph_lru_alloc_index();
+	if (i < 0 || WARN_ON_ONCE(fgraph_array[i] != &fgraph_stub)) {
 		ret = -EBUSY;
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	fgraph_array[i] = gops;
-	if (i + 1 > fgraph_array_cnt)
-		fgraph_array_cnt = i + 1;
 	gops->idx = i;
 
 	ftrace_graph_active++;
@@ -972,6 +1005,8 @@ int register_ftrace_graph(struct fgraph_ops *gops)
 
 	ret = ftrace_startup(&gops->ops, command);
 out:
+	if (ret && i >= 0)
+		fgraph_lru_release_index(i);
 	mutex_unlock(&ftrace_lock);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -979,25 +1014,20 @@ int register_ftrace_graph(struct fgraph_ops *gops)
 void unregister_ftrace_graph(struct fgraph_ops *gops)
 {
 	int command = 0;
-	int i;
 
 	mutex_lock(&ftrace_lock);
 
 	if (unlikely(!ftrace_graph_active))
 		goto out;
 
-	if (unlikely(gops->idx < 0 || gops->idx >= fgraph_array_cnt))
+	if (unlikely(gops->idx < 0 || gops->idx >= FGRAPH_ARRAY_SIZE ||
+		     fgraph_array[gops->idx] != gops))
 		goto out;
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(fgraph_array[gops->idx] != gops);
+	if (fgraph_lru_release_index(gops->idx) < 0)
+		goto out;
 
 	fgraph_array[gops->idx] = &fgraph_stub;
-	if (gops->idx + 1 == fgraph_array_cnt) {
-		i = gops->idx;
-		while (i >= 0 && fgraph_array[i] == &fgraph_stub)
-			i--;
-		fgraph_array_cnt = i + 1;
-	}
 
 	ftrace_graph_active--;