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From: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
To: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: "\"Pankaj Raghav (Samsung)\"" <kernel@pankajraghav.com>,
 linux-mm@kvack.org, "\"Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)\"" <willy@infradead.org>,
 David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>, Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>,
 Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>,
 "\"Kirill A . Shutemov\"" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>,
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 linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 7/8] mm: thp: split huge page to any lower order pages
Date: Wed, 28 Feb 2024 10:42:38 -0500
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On 28 Feb 2024, at 3:23, Ryan Roberts wrote:

> Hi Zi,
>
>
> On 26/02/2024 20:55, Zi Yan wrote:
>> From: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>>
>> To split a THP to any lower order pages, we need to reform THPs on
>> subpages at given order and add page refcount based on the new page
>> order. Also we need to reinitialize page_deferred_list after removing
>> the page from the split_queue, otherwise a subsequent split will
>> see list corruption when checking the page_deferred_list again.
>>
>> Note: Anonymous order-1 folio is not supported because _deferred_list,=

>> which is used by partially mapped folios, is stored in subpage 2 and a=
n
>> order-1 folio only has subpage 0 and 1. File-backed order-1 folios are=

>> fine, since they do not use _deferred_list.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
>> ---
>>  include/linux/huge_mm.h |  21 +++++---
>>  mm/huge_memory.c        | 110 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------=
-
>>  2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/include/linux/huge_mm.h b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
>> index 5adb86af35fc..de0c89105076 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/huge_mm.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
>> @@ -265,10 +265,11 @@ unsigned long thp_get_unmapped_area(struct file =
*filp, unsigned long addr,
>>
>>  void folio_prep_large_rmappable(struct folio *folio);
>>  bool can_split_folio(struct folio *folio, int *pextra_pins);
>> -int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list=
);
>> +int split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_h=
ead *list,
>> +		unsigned int new_order);
>>  static inline int split_huge_page(struct page *page)
>>  {
>> -	return split_huge_page_to_list(page, NULL);
>> +	return split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(page, NULL, 0);
>>  }
>>  void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio);
>>
>> @@ -422,7 +423,8 @@ can_split_folio(struct folio *folio, int *pextra_p=
ins)
>>  	return false;
>>  }
>>  static inline int
>> -split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
>> +split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_head =
*list,
>> +		unsigned int new_order)
>>  {
>>  	return 0;
>>  }
>> @@ -519,17 +521,20 @@ static inline bool thp_migration_supported(void)=

>>  }
>>  #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
>>
>> -static inline int split_folio_to_list(struct folio *folio,
>> -		struct list_head *list)
>> +static inline int split_folio_to_list_to_order(struct folio *folio,
>> +		struct list_head *list, int new_order)
>>  {
>> -	return split_huge_page_to_list(&folio->page, list);
>> +	return split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(&folio->page, list, new_orde=
r);
>>  }
>>
>> -static inline int split_folio(struct folio *folio)
>> +static inline int split_folio_to_order(struct folio *folio, int new_o=
rder)
>>  {
>> -	return split_folio_to_list(folio, NULL);
>> +	return split_folio_to_list_to_order(folio, NULL, new_order);
>>  }
>>
>> +#define split_folio_to_list(f, l) split_folio_to_list_to_order(f, l, =
0)
>> +#define split_folio(f) split_folio_to_order(f, 0)
>> +
>>  /*
>>   * archs that select ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP but don't support THP_SWP du=
e to
>>   * limitations in the implementation like arm64 MTE can override this=
 to
>> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
>> index b2df788c11fa..8b47a96a28f9 100644
>> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
>> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
>> @@ -2770,7 +2770,6 @@ static void lru_add_page_tail(struct page *head,=
 struct page *tail,
>>  		struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *list)
>>  {
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(head), head);
>> -	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageCompound(tail), head);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(tail), head);
>>  	lockdep_assert_held(&lruvec->lru_lock);
>>
>> @@ -2791,7 +2790,8 @@ static void lru_add_page_tail(struct page *head,=
 struct page *tail,
>>  }
>>
>>  static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct folio *folio, int tail,
>> -		struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *list)
>> +		struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *list,
>> +		unsigned int new_order)
>>  {
>>  	struct page *head =3D &folio->page;
>>  	struct page *page_tail =3D head + tail;
>> @@ -2861,10 +2861,15 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct foli=
o *folio, int tail,
>>  	 * which needs correct compound_head().
>>  	 */
>>  	clear_compound_head(page_tail);
>> +	if (new_order) {
>> +		prep_compound_page(page_tail, new_order);
>> +		folio_prep_large_rmappable(new_folio);
>> +	}
>>
>>  	/* Finally unfreeze refcount. Additional reference from page cache. =
*/
>> -	page_ref_unfreeze(page_tail, 1 + (!folio_test_anon(folio) ||
>> -					  folio_test_swapcache(folio)));
>> +	page_ref_unfreeze(page_tail,
>> +		1 + ((!folio_test_anon(folio) || folio_test_swapcache(folio)) ?
>> +			     folio_nr_pages(new_folio) : 0));
>>
>>  	if (folio_test_young(folio))
>>  		folio_set_young(new_folio);
>> @@ -2882,7 +2887,7 @@ static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct folio =
*folio, int tail,
>>  }
>>
>>  static void __split_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *li=
st,
>> -		pgoff_t end)
>> +		pgoff_t end, unsigned int new_order)
>>  {
>>  	struct folio *folio =3D page_folio(page);
>>  	struct page *head =3D &folio->page;
>> @@ -2890,11 +2895,12 @@ static void __split_huge_page(struct page *pag=
e, struct list_head *list,
>>  	struct address_space *swap_cache =3D NULL;
>>  	unsigned long offset =3D 0;
>>  	int i, nr_dropped =3D 0;
>> +	unsigned int new_nr =3D 1 << new_order;
>>  	int order =3D folio_order(folio);
>>  	unsigned int nr =3D 1 << order;
>>
>>  	/* complete memcg works before add pages to LRU */
>> -	split_page_memcg(head, order, 0);
>> +	split_page_memcg(head, order, new_order);
>>
>>  	if (folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_swapcache(folio)) {
>>  		offset =3D swp_offset(folio->swap);
>> @@ -2907,8 +2913,8 @@ static void __split_huge_page(struct page *page,=
 struct list_head *list,
>>
>>  	ClearPageHasHWPoisoned(head);
>>
>> -	for (i =3D nr - 1; i >=3D 1; i--) {
>> -		__split_huge_page_tail(folio, i, lruvec, list);
>> +	for (i =3D nr - new_nr; i >=3D new_nr; i -=3D new_nr) {
>> +		__split_huge_page_tail(folio, i, lruvec, list, new_order);
>>  		/* Some pages can be beyond EOF: drop them from page cache */
>>  		if (head[i].index >=3D end) {
>>  			struct folio *tail =3D page_folio(head + i);
>> @@ -2929,24 +2935,30 @@ static void __split_huge_page(struct page *pag=
e, struct list_head *list,
>>  		}
>>  	}
>>
>> -	ClearPageCompound(head);
>> +	if (!new_order)
>> +		ClearPageCompound(head);
>> +	else {
>> +		struct folio *new_folio =3D (struct folio *)head;
>> +
>> +		folio_set_order(new_folio, new_order);
>> +	}
>>  	unlock_page_lruvec(lruvec);
>>  	/* Caller disabled irqs, so they are still disabled here */
>>
>> -	split_page_owner(head, order, 0);
>> +	split_page_owner(head, order, new_order);
>>
>>  	/* See comment in __split_huge_page_tail() */
>>  	if (PageAnon(head)) {
>>  		/* Additional pin to swap cache */
>>  		if (PageSwapCache(head)) {
>> -			page_ref_add(head, 2);
>> +			page_ref_add(head, 1 + new_nr);
>>  			xa_unlock(&swap_cache->i_pages);
>>  		} else {
>>  			page_ref_inc(head);
>>  		}
>>  	} else {
>>  		/* Additional pin to page cache */
>> -		page_ref_add(head, 2);
>> +		page_ref_add(head, 1 + new_nr);
>>  		xa_unlock(&head->mapping->i_pages);
>>  	}
>>  	local_irq_enable();
>> @@ -2958,7 +2970,15 @@ static void __split_huge_page(struct page *page=
, struct list_head *list,
>>  	if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
>>  		split_swap_cluster(folio->swap);
>>
>> -	for (i =3D 0; i < nr; i++) {
>> +	/*
>> +	 * set page to its compound_head when split to non order-0 pages, so=

>> +	 * we can skip unlocking it below, since PG_locked is transferred to=

>> +	 * the compound_head of the page and the caller will unlock it.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (new_order)
>> +		page =3D compound_head(page);
>> +
>> +	for (i =3D 0; i < nr; i +=3D new_nr) {
>>  		struct page *subpage =3D head + i;
>>  		if (subpage =3D=3D page)
>>  			continue;
>> @@ -2992,29 +3012,36 @@ bool can_split_folio(struct folio *folio, int =
*pextra_pins)
>>  }
>>
>>  /*
>> - * This function splits huge page into normal pages. @page can point =
to any
>> - * subpage of huge page to split. Split doesn't change the position o=
f @page.
>> + * This function splits huge page into pages in @new_order. @page can=
 point to
>> + * any subpage of huge page to split. Split doesn't change the positi=
on of
>> + * @page.
>> + *
>> + * NOTE: order-1 anonymous folio is not supported because _deferred_l=
ist,
>> + * which is used by partially mapped folios, is stored in subpage 2 a=
nd an
>> + * order-1 folio only has subpage 0 and 1. File-backed order-1 folios=
 are OK,
>> + * since they do not use _deferred_list.
>>   *
>>   * Only caller must hold pin on the @page, otherwise split fails with=
 -EBUSY.
>>   * The huge page must be locked.
>>   *
>>   * If @list is null, tail pages will be added to LRU list, otherwise,=
 to @list.
>>   *
>> - * Both head page and tail pages will inherit mapping, flags, and so =
on from
>> - * the hugepage.
>> + * Pages in new_order will inherit mapping, flags, and so on from the=
 hugepage.
>>   *
>> - * GUP pin and PG_locked transferred to @page. Rest subpages can be f=
reed if
>> - * they are not mapped.
>> + * GUP pin and PG_locked transferred to @page or the compound page @p=
age belongs
>> + * to. Rest subpages can be freed if they are not mapped.
>>   *
>>   * Returns 0 if the hugepage is split successfully.
>>   * Returns -EBUSY if the page is pinned or if anon_vma disappeared fr=
om under
>>   * us.
>>   */
>> -int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list=
)
>> +int split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_h=
ead *list,
>> +				     unsigned int new_order)
>>  {
>>  	struct folio *folio =3D page_folio(page);
>>  	struct deferred_split *ds_queue =3D get_deferred_split_queue(folio);=

>> -	XA_STATE(xas, &folio->mapping->i_pages, folio->index);
>> +	/* reset xarray order to new order after split */
>> +	XA_STATE_ORDER(xas, &folio->mapping->i_pages, folio->index, new_orde=
r);
>>  	struct anon_vma *anon_vma =3D NULL;
>>  	struct address_space *mapping =3D NULL;
>>  	int extra_pins, ret;
>> @@ -3024,6 +3051,34 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, =
struct list_head *list)
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
>>  	VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio);
>>
>> +	/* Cannot split anonymous THP to order-1 */
>> +	if (new_order =3D=3D 1 && folio_test_anon(folio)) {
>> +		VM_WARN_ONCE(1, "Cannot split to order-1 folio");
>> +		return -EINVAL;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	if (new_order) {
>> +		/* Only swapping a whole PMD-mapped folio is supported */
>> +		if (folio_test_swapcache(folio)) {
>> +			VM_WARN_ONCE(1,
>> +				"Cannot split swap-cached folio to non-0 order");
>
> My understanding may be wrong here, but can't the folio be moved to swa=
pcache
> asynchronously? How does the caller guarrantee that the folio is not in=

> swapcache and will not be moved between the call to
> split_huge_page_to_list_to_order() and this test? If the caller can't p=
revent
> it, then isn't it wrong to raise a warning here? Perhaps you just have =
to fail
> to split?

Right. That is why I only use VM_WARN_ONCE here. You mean it is better to=

get rid of the warning. I have no strong preference about it.

>
> I'm guessing this restriction is because swap only supports order-0 and=

> pmd-order folios currently? (And you only have split_swap_cluster() to =
downgrade
> from pmd-order to order-0). Perhaps you need my series that allows swap=
ping out
> any order THP? Current version at [1] but I'm working on a new version.=

>
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20231025144546.577640-1-ryan.rober=
ts@arm.com/

Right. Once your patchset is in, the above check can be removed.

>> +			return -EINVAL;
>> +		}
>> +		/* Split shmem folio to non-zero order not supported */
>> +		if (shmem_mapping(folio->mapping)) {
>> +			VM_WARN_ONCE(1,
>> +				"Cannot split shmem folio to non-0 order");
>> +			return -EINVAL;
>> +		}
>> +		/* No split if the file system does not support large folio */
>> +		if (!mapping_large_folio_support(folio->mapping)) {
>> +			VM_WARN_ONCE(1,
>> +				"Cannot split file folio to non-0 order");
>> +			return -EINVAL;
>> +		}
>> +	}
>> +
>> +
>>  	is_hzp =3D is_huge_zero_page(&folio->page);
>>  	if (is_hzp) {
>>  		pr_warn_ratelimited("Called split_huge_page for huge zero page\n");=

>> @@ -3120,14 +3175,21 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page,=
 struct list_head *list)
>>  		if (folio_order(folio) > 1 &&
>>  		    !list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
>>  			ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
>> -			list_del(&folio->_deferred_list);
>> +			/*
>> +			 * Reinitialize page_deferred_list after removing the
>> +			 * page from the split_queue, otherwise a subsequent
>> +			 * split will see list corruption when checking the
>> +			 * page_deferred_list.
>> +			 */
>> +			list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
>>  		}
>>  		spin_unlock(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock);
>>  		if (mapping) {
>>  			int nr =3D folio_nr_pages(folio);
>>
>>  			xas_split(&xas, folio, folio_order(folio));
>> -			if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio)) {
>> +			if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio) &&
>> +			    new_order < HPAGE_PMD_ORDER) {
>>  				if (folio_test_swapbacked(folio)) {
>>  					__lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio,
>>  							NR_SHMEM_THPS, -nr);
>> @@ -3139,7 +3201,7 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, s=
truct list_head *list)
>>  			}
>>  		}
>>
>> -		__split_huge_page(page, list, end);
>> +		__split_huge_page(page, list, end, new_order);
>>  		ret =3D 0;
>>  	} else {
>>  		spin_unlock(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock);


--
Best Regards,
Yan, Zi

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