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From: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@kvack.org,
	Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
	Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
	Marco Elver <elver@google.com>,
	Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>,
	Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>,
	Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>,
	Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>,
	syzbot+41bbfdb8d41003d12c0f@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Subject: [PATCH v2 1/2] mm,page_owner: Fix refcount imbalance
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 2024 19:32:11 +0100
Message-ID: <20240319183212.17156-2-osalvador@suse.de>
In-Reply-To: <20240319183212.17156-1-osalvador@suse.de>
References: <20240319183212.17156-1-osalvador@suse.de>
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Current code does not contemplate scenarios were an allocation and
free operation on the same pages do not handle it in the same amount
at once.
To give an example, page_alloc_exact(), where we will allocate a page
of enough order to stafisfy the size request, but we will free the
remainings right away.

In the above example, we will increment the stack_record refcount
only once, but we will decrease it the same number of times as number
of unused pages we have to free.
This will lead to a warning because of refcount imbalance.

Fix this by recording the number of base pages in the refcount field.

Reported-by: syzbot+41bbfdb8d41003d12c0f@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/00000000000090e8ff0613eda0e5@google.com
Fixes: 217b2119b9e2 ("mm,page_owner: implement the tracking of the stacks count")
Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
---
 Documentation/mm/page_owner.rst | 73 +++++++++++++++++----------------
 mm/page_owner.c                 | 38 ++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/mm/page_owner.rst b/Documentation/mm/page_owner.rst
index 0d0334cd5179..3a45a20fc05a 100644
--- a/Documentation/mm/page_owner.rst
+++ b/Documentation/mm/page_owner.rst
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ fragmentation statistics can be obtained through gfp flag information of
 each page. It is already implemented and activated if page owner is
 enabled. Other usages are more than welcome.
 
-It can also be used to show all the stacks and their outstanding
-allocations, which gives us a quick overview of where the memory is going
-without the need to screen through all the pages and match the allocation
-and free operation.
+It can also be used to show all the stacks and their current number of
+allocated base pages, which gives us a quick overview of where the memory
+is going without the need to screen through all the pages and match the
+allocation and free operation.
 
 page owner is disabled by default. So, if you'd like to use it, you need
 to add "page_owner=on" to your boot cmdline. If the kernel is built
@@ -75,42 +75,45 @@ Usage
 
 	cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner_stacks/show_stacks > stacks.txt
 	cat stacks.txt
-	 prep_new_page+0xa9/0x120
-	 get_page_from_freelist+0x7e6/0x2140
-	 __alloc_pages+0x18a/0x370
-	 new_slab+0xc8/0x580
-	 ___slab_alloc+0x1f2/0xaf0
-	 __slab_alloc.isra.86+0x22/0x40
-	 kmem_cache_alloc+0x31b/0x350
-	 __khugepaged_enter+0x39/0x100
-	 dup_mmap+0x1c7/0x5ce
-	 copy_process+0x1afe/0x1c90
-	 kernel_clone+0x9a/0x3c0
-	 __do_sys_clone+0x66/0x90
-	 do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x160
-	 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
-	stack_count: 234
+	 post_alloc_hook+0x177/0x1a0
+	 get_page_from_freelist+0xd01/0xd80
+	 __alloc_pages+0x39e/0x7e0
+	 allocate_slab+0xbc/0x3f0
+	 ___slab_alloc+0x528/0x8a0
+	 kmem_cache_alloc+0x224/0x3b0
+	 sk_prot_alloc+0x58/0x1a0
+	 sk_alloc+0x32/0x4f0
+	 inet_create+0x427/0xb50
+	 __sock_create+0x2e4/0x650
+	 inet_ctl_sock_create+0x30/0x180
+	 igmp_net_init+0xc1/0x130
+	 ops_init+0x167/0x410
+	 setup_net+0x304/0xa60
+	 copy_net_ns+0x29b/0x4a0
+	 create_new_namespaces+0x4a1/0x820
+	nr_base_pages: 16
 	...
 	...
 	echo 7000 > /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner_stacks/count_threshold
 	cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner_stacks/show_stacks> stacks_7000.txt
 	cat stacks_7000.txt
-	 prep_new_page+0xa9/0x120
-	 get_page_from_freelist+0x7e6/0x2140
-	 __alloc_pages+0x18a/0x370
-	 alloc_pages_mpol+0xdf/0x1e0
-	 folio_alloc+0x14/0x50
-	 filemap_alloc_folio+0xb0/0x100
-	 page_cache_ra_unbounded+0x97/0x180
-	 filemap_fault+0x4b4/0x1200
-	 __do_fault+0x2d/0x110
-	 do_pte_missing+0x4b0/0xa30
-	 __handle_mm_fault+0x7fa/0xb70
-	 handle_mm_fault+0x125/0x300
-	 do_user_addr_fault+0x3c9/0x840
-	 exc_page_fault+0x68/0x150
-	 asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30
-	stack_count: 8248
+	 post_alloc_hook+0x177/0x1a0
+	 get_page_from_freelist+0xd01/0xd80
+	 __alloc_pages+0x39e/0x7e0
+	 alloc_pages_mpol+0x22e/0x490
+	 folio_alloc+0xd5/0x110
+	 filemap_alloc_folio+0x78/0x230
+	 page_cache_ra_order+0x287/0x6f0
+	 filemap_get_pages+0x517/0x1160
+	 filemap_read+0x304/0x9f0
+	 xfs_file_buffered_read+0xe6/0x1d0 [xfs]
+	 xfs_file_read_iter+0x1f0/0x380 [xfs]
+	 __kernel_read+0x3b9/0x730
+	 kernel_read_file+0x309/0x4d0
+	 __do_sys_finit_module+0x381/0x730
+	 do_syscall_64+0x8d/0x150
+	 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x62/0x6a
+	nr_base_pages: 20824
 	...
 
 	cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner > page_owner_full.txt
diff --git a/mm/page_owner.c b/mm/page_owner.c
index d17d1351ec84..2613805cb665 100644
--- a/mm/page_owner.c
+++ b/mm/page_owner.c
@@ -196,9 +196,11 @@ static void add_stack_record_to_list(struct stack_record *stack_record,
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&stack_list_lock, flags);
 }
 
-static void inc_stack_record_count(depot_stack_handle_t handle, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+static void inc_stack_record_count(depot_stack_handle_t handle, gfp_t gfp_mask,
+				   int nr_base_pages)
 {
 	struct stack_record *stack_record = __stack_depot_get_stack_record(handle);
+	int old = REFCOUNT_SATURATED;
 
 	if (!stack_record)
 		return;
@@ -210,22 +212,18 @@ static void inc_stack_record_count(depot_stack_handle_t handle, gfp_t gfp_mask)
 	 * Since we do not use STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_GET API, let us
 	 * set a refcount of 1 ourselves.
 	 */
-	if (refcount_read(&stack_record->count) == REFCOUNT_SATURATED) {
-		int old = REFCOUNT_SATURATED;
-
-		if (atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&stack_record->count.refs, &old, 1))
-			/* Add the new stack_record to our list */
-			add_stack_record_to_list(stack_record, gfp_mask);
-	}
-	refcount_inc(&stack_record->count);
+	if (atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&stack_record->count.refs, &old, 1))
+		add_stack_record_to_list(stack_record, gfp_mask);
+	refcount_add(nr_base_pages, &stack_record->count);
 }
 
-static void dec_stack_record_count(depot_stack_handle_t handle)
+static void dec_stack_record_count(depot_stack_handle_t handle,
+				   int nr_base_pages)
 {
 	struct stack_record *stack_record = __stack_depot_get_stack_record(handle);
 
 	if (stack_record)
-		refcount_dec(&stack_record->count);
+		refcount_sub_and_test(nr_base_pages, &stack_record->count);
 }
 
 void __reset_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned short order)
@@ -263,7 +261,7 @@ void __reset_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned short order)
 		 * the machinery is not ready yet, we cannot decrement
 		 * their refcount either.
 		 */
-		dec_stack_record_count(alloc_handle);
+		dec_stack_record_count(alloc_handle, 1 << order);
 }
 
 static inline void __set_page_owner_handle(struct page_ext *page_ext,
@@ -305,7 +303,7 @@ noinline void __set_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned short order,
 		return;
 	__set_page_owner_handle(page_ext, handle, order, gfp_mask);
 	page_ext_put(page_ext);
-	inc_stack_record_count(handle, gfp_mask);
+	inc_stack_record_count(handle, gfp_mask, 1 << order);
 }
 
 void __set_page_owner_migrate_reason(struct page *page, int reason)
@@ -861,11 +859,11 @@ static void *stack_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *ppos)
 	return stack;
 }
 
-static unsigned long page_owner_stack_threshold;
+static unsigned long page_owner_pages_threshold;
 
 static int stack_print(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 {
-	int i, stack_count;
+	int i, nr_base_pages;
 	struct stack *stack = v;
 	unsigned long *entries;
 	unsigned long nr_entries;
@@ -876,14 +874,14 @@ static int stack_print(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 
 	nr_entries = stack_record->size;
 	entries = stack_record->entries;
-	stack_count = refcount_read(&stack_record->count) - 1;
+	nr_base_pages = refcount_read(&stack_record->count) - 1;
 
-	if (stack_count < 1 || stack_count < page_owner_stack_threshold)
+	if (nr_base_pages < 1 || nr_base_pages < page_owner_pages_threshold)
 		return 0;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_entries; i++)
 		seq_printf(m, " %pS\n", (void *)entries[i]);
-	seq_printf(m, "stack_count: %d\n\n", stack_count);
+	seq_printf(m, "nr_base_pages: %d\n\n", nr_base_pages);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -913,13 +911,13 @@ static const struct file_operations page_owner_stack_operations = {
 
 static int page_owner_threshold_get(void *data, u64 *val)
 {
-	*val = READ_ONCE(page_owner_stack_threshold);
+	*val = READ_ONCE(page_owner_pages_threshold);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int page_owner_threshold_set(void *data, u64 val)
 {
-	WRITE_ONCE(page_owner_stack_threshold, val);
+	WRITE_ONCE(page_owner_pages_threshold, val);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-- 
2.44.0