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Userspace libraries will provide some incentive > to standardize if we have enough vendors (we don't today - so they will > do their own libraries), but it is a lot easier to encourage if we > exercise control over the interface. Yes, and I expect you and I are not far off on what can be done here. However, lets cut to a sentiment hanging over this discussion. Referring to vendor specific commands: "CXL spec has them for a reason and they need to be supported." ..that is an aggressive "vendor specific first" sentiment that generates an aggressive "userspace drivers" reaction, because the best way to get around community discussions about what ABI makes sense is userspace drivers. Now, if we can step back to where this discussion started, where typical Linux collaboration shines, and where I think you and I are more aligned than this thread would indicate, is "vendor specific last". Lets carefully consider the vendor specific commands that are candidates to be de facto cross vendor semantics if not de jure standards.