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Message-ID: <0dd7827a-6334-439a-8fd0-43c98e6af22b@arm.com>
Date: Wed, 1 May 2024 12:38:35 +0100
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Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] arm64/mm: pmd_mkinvalid() must handle swap pmds
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From: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
To: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>, Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
 Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
 Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>,
 Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>, Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>,
 "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@kernel.org>,
 David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-mm@kvack.org,
 linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, stable@vger.kernel.org
References: <20240430133138.732088-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com>
 <9fb15315-6317-4bf4-a736-a8a44288b0c2@arm.com>
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Pulling in David, who may be able to advise...


On 01/05/2024 12:35, Ryan Roberts wrote:
> Zi Yan, I'm hoping you might have some input on the below...
> 
> 
> On 30/04/2024 14:31, Ryan Roberts wrote:
>> __split_huge_pmd_locked() can be called for a present THP, devmap or
>> (non-present) migration entry. It calls pmdp_invalidate()
>> unconditionally on the pmdp and only determines if it is present or not
>> based on the returned old pmd.
>>
>> But arm64's pmd_mkinvalid(), called by pmdp_invalidate(),
>> unconditionally sets the PMD_PRESENT_INVALID flag, which causes future
>> pmd_present() calls to return true - even for a swap pmd. Therefore any
>> lockless pgtable walker could see the migration entry pmd in this state
>> and start interpretting the fields (e.g. pmd_pfn()) as if it were
>> present, leading to BadThings (TM). GUP-fast appears to be one such
>> lockless pgtable walker.
>>
>> While the obvious fix is for core-mm to avoid such calls for non-present
>> pmds (pmdp_invalidate() will also issue TLBI which is not necessary for
>> this case either), all other arches that implement pmd_mkinvalid() do it
>> in such a way that it is robust to being called with a non-present pmd.
> 
> OK the plot thickens; The tests I wrote to check that pmd_mkinvalid() is safe for swap entries fails on x86_64. See below...
> 
>> So it is simpler and safer to make arm64 robust too. This approach means
>> we can even add tests to debug_vm_pgtable.c to validate the required
>> behaviour.
>>
>> This is a theoretical bug found during code review. I don't have any
>> test case to trigger it in practice.
>>
>> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
>> Fixes: 53fa117bb33c ("arm64/mm: Enable THP migration")
>> Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
>> ---
>>
>> Hi all,
>>
>> v1 of this fix [1] took the approach of fixing core-mm to never call
>> pmdp_invalidate() on a non-present pmd. But Zi Yan highlighted that only arm64
>> suffers this problem; all other arches are robust. So his suggestion was to
>> instead make arm64 robust in the same way and add tests to validate it. Despite
>> my stated reservations in the context of the v1 discussion, having thought on it
>> for a bit, I now agree with Zi Yan. Hence this post.
>>
>> Andrew has v1 in mm-unstable at the moment, so probably the best thing to do is
>> remove it from there and have this go in through the arm64 tree? Assuming there
>> is agreement that this approach is right one.
>>
>> This applies on top of v6.9-rc5. Passes all the mm selftests on arm64.
>>
>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240425170704.3379492-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Ryan
>>
>>
>>  arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h | 12 +++++--
>>  mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c            | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>  2 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> index afdd56d26ad7..7d580271a46d 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> @@ -511,8 +511,16 @@ static inline int pmd_trans_huge(pmd_t pmd)
>>
>>  static inline pmd_t pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_t pmd)
>>  {
>> -	pmd = set_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_PRESENT_INVALID));
>> -	pmd = clear_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_SECT_VALID));
>> +	/*
>> +	 * If not valid then either we are already present-invalid or we are
>> +	 * not-present (i.e. none or swap entry). We must not convert
>> +	 * not-present to present-invalid. Unbelievably, the core-mm may call
>> +	 * pmd_mkinvalid() for a swap entry and all other arches can handle it.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (pmd_valid(pmd)) {
>> +		pmd = set_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_PRESENT_INVALID));
>> +		pmd = clear_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_SECT_VALID));
>> +	}
>>
>>  	return pmd;
>>  }
>> diff --git a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> index 65c19025da3d..7e9c387d06b0 100644
>> --- a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> +++ b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> @@ -956,6 +956,65 @@ static void __init hugetlb_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
>>  #endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
>>
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
>> +#if !defined(__HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE) && defined(CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION)
>> +static void __init swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
>> +{
> 
> Printing various values at different locations in this function for debug:
> 
>> +	unsigned long max_swap_offset;
>> +	swp_entry_t swp_set, swp_clear, swp_convert;
>> +	pmd_t pmd_set, pmd_clear;
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * See generic_max_swapfile_size(): probe the maximum offset, then
>> +	 * create swap entry will all possible bits set and a swap entry will
>> +	 * all bits clear.
>> +	 */
>> +	max_swap_offset = swp_offset(pmd_to_swp_entry(swp_entry_to_pmd(swp_entry(0, ~0UL))));
>> +	swp_set = swp_entry((1 << MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT) - 1, max_swap_offset);
>> +	swp_clear = swp_entry(0, 0);
>> +
>> +	/* Convert to pmd. */
>> +	pmd_set = swp_entry_to_pmd(swp_set);
>> +	pmd_clear = swp_entry_to_pmd(swp_clear);
> 
> [    0.702163] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests  ]: valid: pmd_set=f800000000000000, pmd_clear=7fffffffffffe00
> 
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Sanity check that the pmds are not-present, not-huge and swap entry
>> +	 * is recoverable without corruption.
>> +	 */
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_set));
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_set));
>> +	swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_set);
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_set) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_set) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_clear));
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_clear));
>> +	swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_clear);
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_clear) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_clear) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
>> +
>> +	/* Now invalidate the pmd. */
>> +	pmd_set = pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_set);
>> +	pmd_clear = pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_clear);
> 
> [    0.704452] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests  ]: invalid: pmd_set=f800000000000000, pmd_clear=7ffffffffe00e00
> 
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Since its a swap pmd, invalidation should effectively be a noop and
>> +	 * the checks we already did should give the same answer. Check the
>> +	 * invalidation didn't corrupt any fields.
>> +	 */
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_set));
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_set));
>> +	swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_set);
> 
> [    0.706461] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests  ]: set: swp=7c03ffffffffffff (1f, 3ffffffffffff), convert=7c03ffffffffffff (1f, 3ffffffffffff)
> 
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_set) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_set) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_clear));
>> +	WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_clear));
>> +	swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_clear);
> 
> [    0.708841] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests  ]: clear: swp=0 (0, 0), convert=ff8 (0, ff8)
> 
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_clear) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> +	WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_clear) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
> 
> This line fails on x86_64.
> 
> The logs show that the offset is indeed being corrupted by pmd_mkinvalid(); 0 -> 0xff8.
> 
> I think this is due to x86's pmd_mkinvalid() assuming the pmd is present; pmd_flags() and pmd_pfn() do all sorts of weird and wonderful things.
> 
> So does this take us full circle? Are we now back to modifying the core-mm to never call pmd_mkinvalid() on a non-present entry? If so, then I guess we should remove the arm64 fix from for-next/fixes.
> 
>> +}
>> +#else
>> +static void __init swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
>> +#endif /* !__HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE && CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION */
>> +
>>  static void __init pmd_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
>>  {
>>  	pmd_t pmd;
>> @@ -982,6 +1041,8 @@ static void __init pmd_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
>>  	WARN_ON(!pmd_trans_huge(pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_mkhuge(pmd))));
>>  	WARN_ON(!pmd_present(pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_mkhuge(pmd))));
>>  #endif /* __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE */
>> +
>> +	swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests(args);
>>  }
>>
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
>> --
>> 2.25.1
>>
>