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AJvYcCWIeqS27IO1H3Ljj8sN82WcykeeHJ5xLAbZgLvaW7oqHb5tkO18bC/QwykLwcbUcczrRWgie+vdmdMQYGHsoiDBtTwK5mXZUkezpICM56BpttO1XGsMjXGv7UQvuVjRdrBbfZI5WyR7 X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YzLofyY1ZQh77p26KVcc75wCG0S2/VaUDny3H1EhIGav1HjxlqZ B0hi0h+lPOHh1Ce1fwrKC+u0mqK5YDmRFJo2TrrF2uO2uGXOCusC X-Received: by 2002:a17:906:6d50:b0:a59:9b52:cfc5 with SMTP id a640c23a62f3a-a59fb969a55mr210768066b.37.1715187143258; Wed, 08 May 2024 09:52:23 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([2a04:ee41:82:7577:a3c8:644e:cd04:560a]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id kj24-20020a170907765800b00a59a8212c8esm5648010ejc.42.2024.05.08.09.52.22 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Wed, 08 May 2024 09:52:22 -0700 (PDT) From: Vasileios Amoiridis To: jic23@kernel.org Cc: lars@metafoo.de, andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com, ang.iglesiasg@gmail.com, mazziesaccount@gmail.com, ak@it-klinger.de, petre.rodan@subdimension.ro, phil@raspberrypi.com, 579lpy@gmail.com, linus.walleij@linaro.org, semen.protsenko@linaro.org, linux-iio@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Vasileios Amoiridis , Jonathan Cameron Subject: [PATCH v6 5/9] iio: pressure: bmp280: Refactorize reading functions Date: Wed, 8 May 2024 18:52:03 +0200 Message-Id: <20240508165207.145554-6-vassilisamir@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.25.1 In-Reply-To: <20240508165207.145554-1-vassilisamir@gmail.com> References: <20240508165207.145554-1-vassilisamir@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit For BMP18x, BMP28x, BME280, BMP38x the reading of the pressure value requires an update of the t_fine variable which happens through reading the temperature value. So all the bmpxxx_read_press() functions of the above sensors are internally calling the equivalent bmpxxx_read_temp() function in order to update the t_fine value. By just looking at the code this functionality is a bit hidden and is not easy to understand why those channels are not independent. This commit tries to clear these things a bit by splitting the bmpxxx_{read/compensate}_{temp/press/humid}() to the following: i. bmpxxx_read_{temp/press/humid}_adc(): read the raw value from the sensor. ii. bmpxx_calc_t_fine(): calculate the t_fine variable. iii. bmpxxx_get_t_fine(): get the t_fine variable. iv. bmpxxx_compensate_{temp/press/humid}(): compensate the adc values and return the calculated value. v. bmpxxx_read_{temp/press/humid}(): combine calls of the aforementioned functions to return the requested value. Suggested-by: Jonathan Cameron Signed-off-by: Vasileios Amoiridis --- drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-core.c | 361 ++++++++++++++++++----------- drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280.h | 6 - 2 files changed, 232 insertions(+), 135 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-core.c b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-core.c index dd5c526dacbd..a864f8db8e24 100644 --- a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-core.c +++ b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-core.c @@ -288,13 +288,35 @@ static int bme280_read_calib(struct bmp280_data *data) * * Taken from BME280 datasheet, Section 4.2.3, "Compensation formula". */ +static int bme280_read_humid_adc(struct bmp280_data *data, u16 *adc_humidity) +{ + u16 value_humidity; + int ret; + + ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BME280_REG_HUMIDITY_MSB, + &data->be16, sizeof(data->be16)); + if (ret) { + dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read humidity\n"); + return ret; + } + + value_humidity = be16_to_cpu(data->be16); + if (value_humidity == BMP280_HUMIDITY_SKIPPED) { + dev_err(data->dev, "reading humidity skipped\n"); + return -EIO; + } + *adc_humidity = value_humidity; + + return 0; +} + static u32 bme280_compensate_humidity(struct bmp280_data *data, - u16 adc_humidity) + u16 adc_humidity, s32 t_fine) { struct bmp280_calib *calib = &data->calib.bmp280; s32 var; - var = data->t_fine - (s32)76800; + var = t_fine - (s32)76800; var = (((((s32)adc_humidity << 14) - (calib->H4 << 20) - (calib->H5 * var)) + (s32)16384) >> 15) * (((((((var * calib->H6) >> 10) * (((var * (s32)calib->H3) >> 11) + (s32)32768)) >> 10) @@ -313,8 +335,29 @@ static u32 bme280_compensate_humidity(struct bmp280_data *data, * * Taken from datasheet, Section 3.11.3, "Compensation formula". */ -static s32 bmp280_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, - u32 adc_temp) +static int bmp280_read_temp_adc(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_temp) +{ + u32 value_temp; + int ret; + + ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP280_REG_TEMP_MSB, + data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); + if (ret) { + dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read temperature\n"); + return ret; + } + + value_temp = FIELD_GET(BMP280_MEAS_TRIM_MASK, get_unaligned_be24(data->buf)); + if (value_temp == BMP280_TEMP_SKIPPED) { + dev_err(data->dev, "reading temperature skipped\n"); + return -EIO; + } + *adc_temp = value_temp; + + return 0; +} + +static s32 bmp280_calc_t_fine(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) { struct bmp280_calib *calib = &data->calib.bmp280; s32 var1, var2; @@ -324,9 +367,26 @@ static s32 bmp280_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, var2 = (((((((s32)adc_temp) >> 4) - ((s32)calib->T1)) * ((((s32)adc_temp >> 4) - ((s32)calib->T1))) >> 12) * ((s32)calib->T3))) >> 14; - data->t_fine = var1 + var2; + return var1 + var2; /* t_fine = var1 + var2 */ +} + +static int bmp280_get_t_fine(struct bmp280_data *data, s32 *t_fine) +{ + u32 adc_temp; + int ret; + + ret = bmp280_read_temp_adc(data, &adc_temp); + if (ret) + return ret; - return (data->t_fine * 5 + 128) >> 8; + *t_fine = bmp280_calc_t_fine(data, adc_temp); + + return 0; +} + +static s32 bmp280_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) +{ + return (bmp280_calc_t_fine(data, adc_temp) * 5 + 128) / 256; } /* @@ -336,13 +396,35 @@ static s32 bmp280_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, * * Taken from datasheet, Section 3.11.3, "Compensation formula". */ +static int bmp280_read_press_adc(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_press) +{ + u32 value_press; + int ret; + + ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP280_REG_PRESS_MSB, + data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); + if (ret) { + dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read pressure\n"); + return ret; + } + + value_press = FIELD_GET(BMP280_MEAS_TRIM_MASK, get_unaligned_be24(data->buf)); + if (value_press == BMP280_PRESS_SKIPPED) { + dev_err(data->dev, "reading pressure skipped\n"); + return -EIO; + } + *adc_press = value_press; + + return 0; +} + static u32 bmp280_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, - u32 adc_press) + u32 adc_press, s32 t_fine) { struct bmp280_calib *calib = &data->calib.bmp280; s64 var1, var2, p; - var1 = ((s64)data->t_fine) - 128000; + var1 = ((s64)t_fine) - 128000; var2 = var1 * var1 * (s64)calib->P6; var2 += (var1 * (s64)calib->P5) << 17; var2 += ((s64)calib->P4) << 35; @@ -369,59 +451,34 @@ static int bmp280_read_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp; int ret; - ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP280_REG_TEMP_MSB, - data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); - if (ret) { - dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read temperature\n"); + ret = bmp280_read_temp_adc(data, &adc_temp); + if (ret) return ret; - } - adc_temp = FIELD_GET(BMP280_MEAS_TRIM_MASK, get_unaligned_be24(data->buf)); - if (adc_temp == BMP280_TEMP_SKIPPED) { - /* reading was skipped */ - dev_err(data->dev, "reading temperature skipped\n"); - return -EIO; - } comp_temp = bmp280_compensate_temp(data, adc_temp); - /* - * val might be NULL if we're called by the read_press routine, - * who only cares about the carry over t_fine value. - */ - if (val) { - *val = comp_temp * 10; - return IIO_VAL_INT; - } - - return 0; + /* IIO units are in milli Celsius */ + *val = comp_temp * 10; + return IIO_VAL_INT; } static int bmp280_read_press(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val, int *val2) { - u32 comp_press, adc_press; + u32 comp_press, adc_press, t_fine; int ret; - /* Read and compensate temperature so we get a reading of t_fine. */ - ret = bmp280_read_temp(data, NULL, NULL); + ret = bmp280_get_t_fine(data, &t_fine); if (ret) return ret; - ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP280_REG_PRESS_MSB, - data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); - if (ret) { - dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read pressure\n"); + ret = bmp280_read_press_adc(data, &adc_press); + if (ret) return ret; - } - adc_press = FIELD_GET(BMP280_MEAS_TRIM_MASK, get_unaligned_be24(data->buf)); - if (adc_press == BMP280_PRESS_SKIPPED) { - /* reading was skipped */ - dev_err(data->dev, "reading pressure skipped\n"); - return -EIO; - } - comp_press = bmp280_compensate_press(data, adc_press); + comp_press = bmp280_compensate_press(data, adc_press, t_fine); + /* IIO units are in kPa */ *val = comp_press; *val2 = 256000; @@ -432,28 +489,20 @@ static int bme280_read_humid(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val, int *val2) { u32 comp_humidity; u16 adc_humidity; + s32 t_fine; int ret; - /* Read and compensate temperature so we get a reading of t_fine. */ - ret = bmp280_read_temp(data, NULL, NULL); + ret = bmp280_get_t_fine(data, &t_fine); if (ret) return ret; - ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BME280_REG_HUMIDITY_MSB, - &data->be16, sizeof(data->be16)); - if (ret) { - dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read humidity\n"); + ret = bme280_read_humid_adc(data, &adc_humidity); + if (ret) return ret; - } - adc_humidity = be16_to_cpu(data->be16); - if (adc_humidity == BMP280_HUMIDITY_SKIPPED) { - /* reading was skipped */ - dev_err(data->dev, "reading humidity skipped\n"); - return -EIO; - } - comp_humidity = bme280_compensate_humidity(data, adc_humidity); + comp_humidity = bme280_compensate_humidity(data, adc_humidity, t_fine); + /* IIO units are in 1000 * % */ *val = comp_humidity * 1000 / 1024; return IIO_VAL_INT; @@ -930,9 +979,31 @@ static int bmp380_cmd(struct bmp280_data *data, u8 cmd) * Taken from datasheet, Section Appendix 9, "Compensation formula" and repo * https://github.com/BoschSensortec/BMP3-Sensor-API. */ -static s32 bmp380_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) +static int bmp380_read_temp_adc(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_temp) +{ + u32 value_temp; + int ret; + + ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP380_REG_TEMP_XLSB, + data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); + if (ret) { + dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read temperature\n"); + return ret; + } + + value_temp = get_unaligned_le24(data->buf); + if (value_temp == BMP380_TEMP_SKIPPED) { + dev_err(data->dev, "reading temperature skipped\n"); + return -EIO; + } + *adc_temp = value_temp; + + return 0; +} + +static s32 bmp380_calc_t_fine(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) { - s64 var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, comp_temp; + s64 var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6; struct bmp380_calib *calib = &data->calib.bmp380; var1 = ((s64) adc_temp) - (((s64) calib->T1) << 8); @@ -941,7 +1012,29 @@ static s32 bmp380_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) var4 = var3 * ((s64) calib->T3); var5 = (var2 << 18) + var4; var6 = var5 >> 32; - data->t_fine = (s32) var6; + return (s32) var6; /* t_fine = var6 */ +} + +static int bmp380_get_t_fine(struct bmp280_data *data, s32 *t_fine) +{ + s32 adc_temp; + int ret; + + ret = bmp380_read_temp_adc(data, &adc_temp); + if (ret) + return ret; + + *t_fine = bmp380_calc_t_fine(data, adc_temp); + + return 0; +} + +static int bmp380_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) +{ + s64 comp_temp; + s32 var6; + + var6 = bmp380_calc_t_fine(data, adc_temp); comp_temp = (var6 * 25) >> 14; comp_temp = clamp_val(comp_temp, BMP380_MIN_TEMP, BMP380_MAX_TEMP); @@ -955,27 +1048,50 @@ static s32 bmp380_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) * Taken from datasheet, Section 9.3. "Pressure compensation" and repository * https://github.com/BoschSensortec/BMP3-Sensor-API. */ -static u32 bmp380_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_press) +static int bmp380_read_press_adc(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_press) +{ + u32 value_press; + int ret; + + ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP380_REG_PRESS_XLSB, + data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); + if (ret) { + dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read pressure\n"); + return ret; + } + + value_press = get_unaligned_le24(data->buf); + if (value_press == BMP380_PRESS_SKIPPED) { + dev_err(data->dev, "reading pressure skipped\n"); + return -EIO; + } + *adc_press = value_press; + + return 0; +} + +static u32 bmp380_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, + u32 adc_press, s32 t_fine) { s64 var1, var2, var3, var4, var5, var6, offset, sensitivity; struct bmp380_calib *calib = &data->calib.bmp380; u32 comp_press; - var1 = (s64)data->t_fine * (s64)data->t_fine; + var1 = (s64)t_fine * (s64)t_fine; var2 = var1 >> 6; - var3 = (var2 * ((s64) data->t_fine)) >> 8; + var3 = (var2 * ((s64) t_fine)) >> 8; var4 = ((s64)calib->P8 * var3) >> 5; var5 = ((s64)calib->P7 * var1) << 4; - var6 = ((s64)calib->P6 * (s64)data->t_fine) << 22; + var6 = ((s64)calib->P6 * (s64)t_fine) << 22; offset = ((s64)calib->P5 << 47) + var4 + var5 + var6; var2 = ((s64)calib->P4 * var3) >> 5; var4 = ((s64)calib->P3 * var1) << 2; var5 = ((s64)calib->P2 - ((s64)1 << 14)) * - ((s64)data->t_fine << 21); + ((s64)t_fine << 21); sensitivity = (((s64) calib->P1 - ((s64) 1 << 14)) << 46) + var2 + var4 + var5; var1 = (sensitivity >> 24) * (s64)adc_press; - var2 = (s64)calib->P10 * (s64)data->t_fine; + var2 = (s64)calib->P10 * (s64)t_fine; var3 = var2 + ((s64)calib->P9 << 16); var4 = (var3 * (s64)adc_press) >> 13; @@ -1001,59 +1117,34 @@ static int bmp380_read_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val, int *val2) u32 adc_temp; int ret; - ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP380_REG_TEMP_XLSB, - data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); - if (ret) { - dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read temperature\n"); + ret = bmp380_read_temp_adc(data, &adc_temp); + if (ret) return ret; - } - adc_temp = get_unaligned_le24(data->buf); - if (adc_temp == BMP380_TEMP_SKIPPED) { - dev_err(data->dev, "reading temperature skipped\n"); - return -EIO; - } comp_temp = bmp380_compensate_temp(data, adc_temp); - /* - * Val might be NULL if we're called by the read_press routine, - * who only cares about the carry over t_fine value. - */ - if (val) { - /* IIO reports temperatures in milli Celsius */ - *val = comp_temp * 10; - return IIO_VAL_INT; - } - - return 0; + /* IIO units are in milli Celsius */ + *val = comp_temp * 10; + return IIO_VAL_INT; } static int bmp380_read_press(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val, int *val2) { - u32 adc_press, comp_press; + u32 adc_press, comp_press, t_fine; int ret; - /* Read and compensate for temperature so we get a reading of t_fine */ - ret = bmp380_read_temp(data, NULL, NULL); + ret = bmp380_get_t_fine(data, &t_fine); if (ret) return ret; - ret = regmap_bulk_read(data->regmap, BMP380_REG_PRESS_XLSB, - data->buf, sizeof(data->buf)); - if (ret) { - dev_err(data->dev, "failed to read pressure\n"); + ret = bmp380_read_press_adc(data, &adc_press); + if (ret) return ret; - } - adc_press = get_unaligned_le24(data->buf); - if (adc_press == BMP380_PRESS_SKIPPED) { - dev_err(data->dev, "reading pressure skipped\n"); - return -EIO; - } - comp_press = bmp380_compensate_press(data, adc_press); + comp_press = bmp380_compensate_press(data, adc_press, t_fine); + /* IIO units are in kPa */ *val = comp_press; - /* Compensated pressure is in cPa (centipascals) */ *val2 = 100000; return IIO_VAL_FRACTIONAL; @@ -1825,7 +1916,7 @@ static int bmp180_wait_for_eoc(struct bmp280_data *data, u8 ctrl_meas) return 0; } -static int bmp180_read_adc_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val) +static int bmp180_read_temp_adc(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_temp) { int ret; @@ -1842,7 +1933,7 @@ static int bmp180_read_adc_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val) return ret; } - *val = be16_to_cpu(data->be16); + *adc_temp = be16_to_cpu(data->be16); return 0; } @@ -1892,16 +1983,34 @@ static int bmp180_read_calib(struct bmp280_data *data) * * Taken from datasheet, Section 3.5, "Calculating pressure and temperature". */ -static s32 bmp180_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) + +static s32 bmp180_calc_t_fine(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) { struct bmp180_calib *calib = &data->calib.bmp180; s32 x1, x2; x1 = ((((s32)adc_temp) - calib->AC6) * calib->AC5) >> 15; x2 = (calib->MC << 11) / (x1 + calib->MD); - data->t_fine = x1 + x2; + return x1 + x2; /* t_fine = x1 + x2; */ +} + +static int bmp180_get_t_fine(struct bmp280_data *data, s32 *t_fine) +{ + s32 adc_temp; + int ret; + + ret = bmp180_read_temp_adc(data, &adc_temp); + if (ret) + return ret; + + *t_fine = bmp180_calc_t_fine(data, adc_temp); - return (data->t_fine + 8) >> 4; + return 0; +} + +static s32 bmp180_compensate_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_temp) +{ + return (bmp180_calc_t_fine(data, adc_temp) + 8) / 16; } static int bmp180_read_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val, int *val2) @@ -1910,25 +2019,18 @@ static int bmp180_read_temp(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val, int *val2) u32 adc_temp; int ret; - ret = bmp180_read_adc_temp(data, &adc_temp); + ret = bmp180_read_temp_adc(data, &adc_temp); if (ret) return ret; comp_temp = bmp180_compensate_temp(data, adc_temp); - /* - * val might be NULL if we're called by the read_press routine, - * who only cares about the carry over t_fine value. - */ - if (val) { - *val = comp_temp * 100; - return IIO_VAL_INT; - } - - return 0; + /* IIO units are in milli Celsius */ + *val = comp_temp * 100; + return IIO_VAL_INT; } -static int bmp180_read_adc_press(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val) +static int bmp180_read_press_adc(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_press) { u8 oss = data->oversampling_press; int ret; @@ -1947,7 +2049,7 @@ static int bmp180_read_adc_press(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val) return ret; } - *val = get_unaligned_be24(data->buf) >> (8 - oss); + *adc_press = get_unaligned_be24(data->buf) >> (8 - oss); return 0; } @@ -1957,7 +2059,8 @@ static int bmp180_read_adc_press(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val) * * Taken from datasheet, Section 3.5, "Calculating pressure and temperature". */ -static u32 bmp180_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_press) +static u32 bmp180_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_press, + s32 t_fine) { struct bmp180_calib *calib = &data->calib.bmp180; s32 oss = data->oversampling_press; @@ -1965,7 +2068,7 @@ static u32 bmp180_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_press) s32 b3, b6; u32 b4, b7; - b6 = data->t_fine - 4000; + b6 = t_fine - 4000; x1 = (calib->B2 * (b6 * b6 >> 12)) >> 11; x2 = calib->AC2 * b6 >> 11; x3 = x1 + x2; @@ -1974,7 +2077,7 @@ static u32 bmp180_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_press) x2 = (calib->B1 * ((b6 * b6) >> 12)) >> 16; x3 = (x1 + x2 + 2) >> 2; b4 = calib->AC4 * (u32)(x3 + 32768) >> 15; - b7 = (adc_press - b3) * (50000 >> oss); + b7 = (((u32)adc_press) - b3) * (50000 >> oss); if (b7 < 0x80000000) p = (b7 * 2) / b4; else @@ -1990,19 +2093,19 @@ static u32 bmp180_compensate_press(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 adc_press) static int bmp180_read_press(struct bmp280_data *data, int *val, int *val2) { u32 comp_press, adc_press; - int ret; + s32 t_fine; - /* Read and compensate temperature so we get a reading of t_fine. */ - ret = bmp180_read_temp(data, NULL, NULL); + ret = bmp180_get_t_fine(data, &t_fine); if (ret) return ret; - ret = bmp180_read_adc_press(data, &adc_press); + ret = bmp180_read_press_adc(data, &adc_press); if (ret) return ret; - comp_press = bmp180_compensate_press(data, adc_press); + comp_press = bmp180_compensate_press(data, adc_press, t_fine); + /* IIO units are in kPa */ *val = comp_press; *val2 = 1000; diff --git a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280.h b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280.h index fe4d3f127954..7c30e4d523be 100644 --- a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280.h +++ b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280.h @@ -397,12 +397,6 @@ struct bmp280_data { */ int sampling_freq; - /* - * Carryover value from temperature conversion, used in pressure - * calculation. - */ - s32 t_fine; - /* * DMA (thus cache coherency maintenance) may require the * transfer buffers to live in their own cache lines. -- 2.25.1