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Message-ID: <944f47df-96f0-40e8-a8e2-750fb9fa358e@linux.ibm.com>
Date: Thu, 30 May 2024 17:22:21 +0530
User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird
Subject: Re: [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.9 18/23] powerpc: make fadump resilient with
 memory add/remove events
To: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>, hbathini@linux.ibm.com,
        bhe@redhat.com, akpm@linux-foundation.org, bhelgaas@google.com,
        aneesh.kumar@kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
        Mahesh J Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.ibm.com>,
        Naveen N Rao <naveen@kernel.org>
References: <20240527155123.3863983-1-sashal@kernel.org>
 <20240527155123.3863983-18-sashal@kernel.org>
Content-Language: en-US
From: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com>
In-Reply-To: <20240527155123.3863983-18-sashal@kernel.org>
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Hello Sasha,

Thank you for considering this patch for the stable tree 6.9, 6.8, 6.6, 
and 6.1.

This patch does two things:
1. Fixes a potential memory corruption issue mentioned as the third 
point in the commit message
2. Enables the kernel to avoid unnecessary fadump re-registration on 
memory add/remove events

To make the second functionality available to users, I request you also 
consider the upstream patch
mentioned below along with this patch. Both patches were part of the 
same patch series.

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux.git/commit/?id=bc446c5acabadeb38b61b565535401c5dfdd1214

Now, there was also a third patch in the same patch series, but that is 
about a documentation update.

Link to patch series:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240422195932.1583833-1-sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com/

Thanks,
Sourabh Jain


On 27/05/24 21:20, Sasha Levin wrote:
> From: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com>
>
> [ Upstream commit c6c5b14dac0d1bd0da8b4d1d3b77f18eb9085fcb ]
>
> Due to changes in memory resources caused by either memory hotplug or
> online/offline events, the elfcorehdr, which describes the CPUs and
> memory of the crashed kernel to the kernel that collects the dump (known
> as second/fadump kernel), becomes outdated. Consequently, attempting
> dump collection with an outdated elfcorehdr can lead to failed or
> inaccurate dump collection.
>
> Memory hotplug or online/offline events is referred as memory add/remove
> events in reset of the commit message.
>
> The current solution to address the aforementioned issue is as follows:
> Monitor memory add/remove events in userspace using udev rules, and
> re-register fadump whenever there are changes in memory resources. This
> leads to the creation of a new elfcorehdr with updated system memory
> information.
>
> There are several notable issues associated with re-registering fadump
> for every memory add/remove events.
>
> 1. Bulk memory add/remove events with udev-based fadump re-registration
>     can lead to race conditions and, more importantly, it creates a wide
>     window during which fadump is inactive until all memory add/remove
>     events are settled.
> 2. Re-registering fadump for every memory add/remove event is
>     inefficient.
> 3. The memory for elfcorehdr is allocated based on the memblock regions
>     available during early boot and remains fixed thereafter. However, if
>     elfcorehdr is later recreated with additional memblock regions, its
>     size will increase, potentially leading to memory corruption.
>
> Address the aforementioned challenges by shifting the creation of
> elfcorehdr from the first kernel (also referred as the crashed kernel),
> where it was created and frequently recreated for every memory
> add/remove event, to the fadump kernel. As a result, the elfcorehdr only
> needs to be created once, thus eliminating the necessity to re-register
> fadump during memory add/remove events.
>
> At present, the first kernel prepares fadump header and stores it in the
> fadump reserved area. The fadump header includes the start address of
> the elfcorehdr, crashing CPU details, and other relevant information. In
> the event of a crash in the first kernel, the second/fadump boots and
> accesses the fadump header prepared by the first kernel. It then
> performs the following steps in a platform-specific function
> [rtas|opal]_fadump_process:
>
> 1. Sanity check for fadump header
> 2. Update CPU notes in elfcorehdr
>
> Along with the above, update the setup_fadump()/fadump.c to create
> elfcorehdr and set its address to the global variable elfcorehdr_addr
> for the vmcore module to process it in the second/fadump kernel.
>
> Section below outlines the information required to create the elfcorehdr
> and the changes made to make it available to the fadump kernel if it's
> not already.
>
> To create elfcorehdr, the following crashed kernel information is
> required: CPU notes, vmcoreinfo, and memory ranges.
>
> At present, the CPU notes are already prepared in the fadump kernel, so
> no changes are needed in that regard. The fadump kernel has access to
> all crashed kernel memory regions, including boot memory regions that
> are relocated by firmware to fadump reserved areas, so no changes for
> that either. However, it is necessary to add new members to the fadump
> header, i.e., the 'fadump_crash_info_header' structure, in order to pass
> the crashed kernel's vmcoreinfo address and its size to fadump kernel.
>
> In addition to the vmcoreinfo address and size, there are a few other
> attributes also added to the fadump_crash_info_header structure.
>
> 1. version:
>     It stores the fadump header version, which is currently set to 1.
>     This provides flexibility to update the fadump crash info header in
>     the future without changing the magic number. For each change in the
>     fadump header, the version will be increased. This will help the
>     updated kernel determine how to handle kernel dumps from older
>     kernels. The magic number remains relevant for checking fadump header
>     corruption.
>
> 2. pt_regs_sz/cpu_mask_sz:
>     Store size of pt_regs and cpu_mask structure of first kernel. These
>     attributes are used to prevent dump processing if the sizes of
>     pt_regs or cpu_mask structure differ between the first and fadump
>     kernels.
>
> Note: if either first/crashed kernel or second/fadump kernel do not have
> the changes introduced here then kernel fail to collect the dump and
> prints relevant error message on the console.
>
> Signed-off-by: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
> Link: https://msgid.link/20240422195932.1583833-2-sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com
> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
> ---
>   arch/powerpc/include/asm/fadump-internal.h   |  31 +-
>   arch/powerpc/kernel/fadump.c                 | 361 +++++++++++--------
>   arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/opal-fadump.c |  22 +-
>   arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/rtas-fadump.c |  34 +-
>   4 files changed, 242 insertions(+), 206 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/fadump-internal.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/fadump-internal.h
> index 27f9e11eda28c..5d706a7acc8a4 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/fadump-internal.h
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/fadump-internal.h
> @@ -42,13 +42,38 @@ static inline u64 fadump_str_to_u64(const char *str)
>   
>   #define FADUMP_CPU_UNKNOWN		(~((u32)0))
>   
> -#define FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC		fadump_str_to_u64("FADMPINF")
> +/*
> + * The introduction of new fields in the fadump crash info header has
> + * led to a change in the magic key from `FADMPINF` to `FADMPSIG` for
> + * identifying a kernel crash from an old kernel.
> + *
> + * To prevent the need for further changes to the magic number in the
> + * event of future modifications to the fadump crash info header, a
> + * version field has been introduced to track the fadump crash info
> + * header version.
> + *
> + * Consider a few points before adding new members to the fadump crash info
> + * header structure:
> + *
> + *  - Append new members; avoid adding them in between.
> + *  - Non-primitive members should have a size member as well.
> + *  - For every change in the fadump header, increment the
> + *    fadump header version. This helps the updated kernel decide how to
> + *    handle kernel dumps from older kernels.
> + */
> +#define FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC_OLD	fadump_str_to_u64("FADMPINF")
> +#define FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC		fadump_str_to_u64("FADMPSIG")
> +#define FADUMP_HEADER_VERSION		1
>   
>   /* fadump crash info structure */
>   struct fadump_crash_info_header {
>   	u64		magic_number;
> -	u64		elfcorehdr_addr;
> +	u32		version;
>   	u32		crashing_cpu;
> +	u64		vmcoreinfo_raddr;
> +	u64		vmcoreinfo_size;
> +	u32		pt_regs_sz;
> +	u32		cpu_mask_sz;
>   	struct pt_regs	regs;
>   	struct cpumask	cpu_mask;
>   };
> @@ -94,6 +119,8 @@ struct fw_dump {
>   	u64		boot_mem_regs_cnt;
>   
>   	unsigned long	fadumphdr_addr;
> +	u64		elfcorehdr_addr;
> +	u64		elfcorehdr_size;
>   	unsigned long	cpu_notes_buf_vaddr;
>   	unsigned long	cpu_notes_buf_size;
>   
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/fadump.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/fadump.c
> index d14eda1e85896..35254fc1516b2 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/fadump.c
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/fadump.c
> @@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ static struct kobject *fadump_kobj;
>   static atomic_t cpus_in_fadump;
>   static DEFINE_MUTEX(fadump_mutex);
>   
> -static struct fadump_mrange_info crash_mrange_info = { "crash", NULL, 0, 0, 0, false };
> -
>   #define RESERVED_RNGS_SZ	16384 /* 16K - 128 entries */
>   #define RESERVED_RNGS_CNT	(RESERVED_RNGS_SZ / \
>   				 sizeof(struct fadump_memory_range))
> @@ -373,12 +371,6 @@ static unsigned long __init get_fadump_area_size(void)
>   	size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
>   	size += fw_dump.boot_memory_size;
>   	size += sizeof(struct fadump_crash_info_header);
> -	size += sizeof(struct elfhdr); /* ELF core header.*/
> -	size += sizeof(struct elf_phdr); /* place holder for cpu notes */
> -	/* Program headers for crash memory regions. */
> -	size += sizeof(struct elf_phdr) * (memblock_num_regions(memory) + 2);
> -
> -	size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
>   
>   	/* This is to hold kernel metadata on platforms that support it */
>   	size += (fw_dump.ops->fadump_get_metadata_size ?
> @@ -931,36 +923,6 @@ static inline int fadump_add_mem_range(struct fadump_mrange_info *mrange_info,
>   	return 0;
>   }
>   
> -static int fadump_exclude_reserved_area(u64 start, u64 end)
> -{
> -	u64 ra_start, ra_end;
> -	int ret = 0;
> -
> -	ra_start = fw_dump.reserve_dump_area_start;
> -	ra_end = ra_start + fw_dump.reserve_dump_area_size;
> -
> -	if ((ra_start < end) && (ra_end > start)) {
> -		if ((start < ra_start) && (end > ra_end)) {
> -			ret = fadump_add_mem_range(&crash_mrange_info,
> -						   start, ra_start);
> -			if (ret)
> -				return ret;
> -
> -			ret = fadump_add_mem_range(&crash_mrange_info,
> -						   ra_end, end);
> -		} else if (start < ra_start) {
> -			ret = fadump_add_mem_range(&crash_mrange_info,
> -						   start, ra_start);
> -		} else if (ra_end < end) {
> -			ret = fadump_add_mem_range(&crash_mrange_info,
> -						   ra_end, end);
> -		}
> -	} else
> -		ret = fadump_add_mem_range(&crash_mrange_info, start, end);
> -
> -	return ret;
> -}
> -
>   static int fadump_init_elfcore_header(char *bufp)
>   {
>   	struct elfhdr *elf;
> @@ -997,52 +959,6 @@ static int fadump_init_elfcore_header(char *bufp)
>   	return 0;
>   }
>   
> -/*
> - * Traverse through memblock structure and setup crash memory ranges. These
> - * ranges will be used create PT_LOAD program headers in elfcore header.
> - */
> -static int fadump_setup_crash_memory_ranges(void)
> -{
> -	u64 i, start, end;
> -	int ret;
> -
> -	pr_debug("Setup crash memory ranges.\n");
> -	crash_mrange_info.mem_range_cnt = 0;
> -
> -	/*
> -	 * Boot memory region(s) registered with firmware are moved to
> -	 * different location at the time of crash. Create separate program
> -	 * header(s) for this memory chunk(s) with the correct offset.
> -	 */
> -	for (i = 0; i < fw_dump.boot_mem_regs_cnt; i++) {
> -		start = fw_dump.boot_mem_addr[i];
> -		end = start + fw_dump.boot_mem_sz[i];
> -		ret = fadump_add_mem_range(&crash_mrange_info, start, end);
> -		if (ret)
> -			return ret;
> -	}
> -
> -	for_each_mem_range(i, &start, &end) {
> -		/*
> -		 * skip the memory chunk that is already added
> -		 * (0 through boot_memory_top).
> -		 */
> -		if (start < fw_dump.boot_mem_top) {
> -			if (end > fw_dump.boot_mem_top)
> -				start = fw_dump.boot_mem_top;
> -			else
> -				continue;
> -		}
> -
> -		/* add this range excluding the reserved dump area. */
> -		ret = fadump_exclude_reserved_area(start, end);
> -		if (ret)
> -			return ret;
> -	}
> -
> -	return 0;
> -}
> -
>   /*
>    * If the given physical address falls within the boot memory region then
>    * return the relocated address that points to the dump region reserved
> @@ -1073,36 +989,50 @@ static inline unsigned long fadump_relocate(unsigned long paddr)
>   	return raddr;
>   }
>   
> -static int fadump_create_elfcore_headers(char *bufp)
> +static void __init populate_elf_pt_load(struct elf_phdr *phdr, u64 start,
> +			     u64 size, unsigned long long offset)
>   {
> -	unsigned long long raddr, offset;
> -	struct elf_phdr *phdr;
> +	phdr->p_align	= 0;
> +	phdr->p_memsz	= size;
> +	phdr->p_filesz	= size;
> +	phdr->p_paddr	= start;
> +	phdr->p_offset	= offset;
> +	phdr->p_type	= PT_LOAD;
> +	phdr->p_flags	= PF_R|PF_W|PF_X;
> +	phdr->p_vaddr	= (unsigned long)__va(start);
> +}
> +
> +static void __init fadump_populate_elfcorehdr(struct fadump_crash_info_header *fdh)
> +{
> +	char *bufp;
>   	struct elfhdr *elf;
> -	int i, j;
> +	struct elf_phdr *phdr;
> +	u64 boot_mem_dest_offset;
> +	unsigned long long i, ra_start, ra_end, ra_size, mstart, mend;
>   
> +	bufp = (char *) fw_dump.elfcorehdr_addr;
>   	fadump_init_elfcore_header(bufp);
>   	elf = (struct elfhdr *)bufp;
>   	bufp += sizeof(struct elfhdr);
>   
>   	/*
> -	 * setup ELF PT_NOTE, place holder for cpu notes info. The notes info
> -	 * will be populated during second kernel boot after crash. Hence
> -	 * this PT_NOTE will always be the first elf note.
> +	 * Set up ELF PT_NOTE, a placeholder for CPU notes information.
> +	 * The notes info will be populated later by platform-specific code.
> +	 * Hence, this PT_NOTE will always be the first ELF note.
>   	 *
>   	 * NOTE: Any new ELF note addition should be placed after this note.
>   	 */
>   	phdr = (struct elf_phdr *)bufp;
>   	bufp += sizeof(struct elf_phdr);
>   	phdr->p_type = PT_NOTE;
> -	phdr->p_flags = 0;
> -	phdr->p_vaddr = 0;
> -	phdr->p_align = 0;
> -
> -	phdr->p_offset = 0;
> -	phdr->p_paddr = 0;
> -	phdr->p_filesz = 0;
> -	phdr->p_memsz = 0;
> -
> +	phdr->p_flags	= 0;
> +	phdr->p_vaddr	= 0;
> +	phdr->p_align	= 0;
> +	phdr->p_offset	= 0;
> +	phdr->p_paddr	= 0;
> +	phdr->p_filesz	= 0;
> +	phdr->p_memsz	= 0;
> +	/* Increment number of program headers. */
>   	(elf->e_phnum)++;
>   
>   	/* setup ELF PT_NOTE for vmcoreinfo */
> @@ -1112,55 +1042,66 @@ static int fadump_create_elfcore_headers(char *bufp)
>   	phdr->p_flags	= 0;
>   	phdr->p_vaddr	= 0;
>   	phdr->p_align	= 0;
> -
> -	phdr->p_paddr	= fadump_relocate(paddr_vmcoreinfo_note());
> -	phdr->p_offset	= phdr->p_paddr;
> -	phdr->p_memsz	= phdr->p_filesz = VMCOREINFO_NOTE_SIZE;
> -
> +	phdr->p_paddr	= phdr->p_offset = fdh->vmcoreinfo_raddr;
> +	phdr->p_memsz	= phdr->p_filesz = fdh->vmcoreinfo_size;
>   	/* Increment number of program headers. */
>   	(elf->e_phnum)++;
>   
> -	/* setup PT_LOAD sections. */
> -	j = 0;
> -	offset = 0;
> -	raddr = fw_dump.boot_mem_addr[0];
> -	for (i = 0; i < crash_mrange_info.mem_range_cnt; i++) {
> -		u64 mbase, msize;
> -
> -		mbase = crash_mrange_info.mem_ranges[i].base;
> -		msize = crash_mrange_info.mem_ranges[i].size;
> -		if (!msize)
> -			continue;
> -
> +	/*
> +	 * Setup PT_LOAD sections. first include boot memory regions
> +	 * and then add rest of the memory regions.
> +	 */
> +	boot_mem_dest_offset = fw_dump.boot_mem_dest_addr;
> +	for (i = 0; i < fw_dump.boot_mem_regs_cnt; i++) {
>   		phdr = (struct elf_phdr *)bufp;
>   		bufp += sizeof(struct elf_phdr);
> -		phdr->p_type	= PT_LOAD;
> -		phdr->p_flags	= PF_R|PF_W|PF_X;
> -		phdr->p_offset	= mbase;
> -
> -		if (mbase == raddr) {
> -			/*
> -			 * The entire real memory region will be moved by
> -			 * firmware to the specified destination_address.
> -			 * Hence set the correct offset.
> -			 */
> -			phdr->p_offset = fw_dump.boot_mem_dest_addr + offset;
> -			if (j < (fw_dump.boot_mem_regs_cnt - 1)) {
> -				offset += fw_dump.boot_mem_sz[j];
> -				raddr = fw_dump.boot_mem_addr[++j];
> -			}
> +		populate_elf_pt_load(phdr, fw_dump.boot_mem_addr[i],
> +				     fw_dump.boot_mem_sz[i],
> +				     boot_mem_dest_offset);
> +		/* Increment number of program headers. */
> +		(elf->e_phnum)++;
> +		boot_mem_dest_offset += fw_dump.boot_mem_sz[i];
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Memory reserved for fadump in first kernel */
> +	ra_start = fw_dump.reserve_dump_area_start;
> +	ra_size = get_fadump_area_size();
> +	ra_end = ra_start + ra_size;
> +
> +	phdr = (struct elf_phdr *)bufp;
> +	for_each_mem_range(i, &mstart, &mend) {
> +		/* Boot memory regions already added, skip them now */
> +		if (mstart < fw_dump.boot_mem_top) {
> +			if (mend > fw_dump.boot_mem_top)
> +				mstart = fw_dump.boot_mem_top;
> +			else
> +				continue;
>   		}
>   
> -		phdr->p_paddr = mbase;
> -		phdr->p_vaddr = (unsigned long)__va(mbase);
> -		phdr->p_filesz = msize;
> -		phdr->p_memsz = msize;
> -		phdr->p_align = 0;
> +		/* Handle memblock regions overlaps with fadump reserved area */
> +		if ((ra_start < mend) && (ra_end > mstart)) {
> +			if ((mstart < ra_start) && (mend > ra_end)) {
> +				populate_elf_pt_load(phdr, mstart, ra_start - mstart, mstart);
> +				/* Increment number of program headers. */
> +				(elf->e_phnum)++;
> +				bufp += sizeof(struct elf_phdr);
> +				phdr = (struct elf_phdr *)bufp;
> +				populate_elf_pt_load(phdr, ra_end, mend - ra_end, ra_end);
> +			} else if (mstart < ra_start) {
> +				populate_elf_pt_load(phdr, mstart, ra_start - mstart, mstart);
> +			} else if (ra_end < mend) {
> +				populate_elf_pt_load(phdr, ra_end, mend - ra_end, ra_end);
> +			}
> +		} else {
> +		/* No overlap with fadump reserved memory region */
> +			populate_elf_pt_load(phdr, mstart, mend - mstart, mstart);
> +		}
>   
>   		/* Increment number of program headers. */
>   		(elf->e_phnum)++;
> +		bufp += sizeof(struct elf_phdr);
> +		phdr = (struct elf_phdr *) bufp;
>   	}
> -	return 0;
>   }
>   
>   static unsigned long init_fadump_header(unsigned long addr)
> @@ -1175,14 +1116,25 @@ static unsigned long init_fadump_header(unsigned long addr)
>   
>   	memset(fdh, 0, sizeof(struct fadump_crash_info_header));
>   	fdh->magic_number = FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC;
> -	fdh->elfcorehdr_addr = addr;
> +	fdh->version = FADUMP_HEADER_VERSION;
>   	/* We will set the crashing cpu id in crash_fadump() during crash. */
>   	fdh->crashing_cpu = FADUMP_CPU_UNKNOWN;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The physical address and size of vmcoreinfo are required in the
> +	 * second kernel to prepare elfcorehdr.
> +	 */
> +	fdh->vmcoreinfo_raddr = fadump_relocate(paddr_vmcoreinfo_note());
> +	fdh->vmcoreinfo_size = VMCOREINFO_NOTE_SIZE;
> +
> +
> +	fdh->pt_regs_sz = sizeof(struct pt_regs);
>   	/*
>   	 * When LPAR is terminated by PYHP, ensure all possible CPUs'
>   	 * register data is processed while exporting the vmcore.
>   	 */
>   	fdh->cpu_mask = *cpu_possible_mask;
> +	fdh->cpu_mask_sz = sizeof(struct cpumask);
>   
>   	return addr;
>   }
> @@ -1190,8 +1142,6 @@ static unsigned long init_fadump_header(unsigned long addr)
>   static int register_fadump(void)
>   {
>   	unsigned long addr;
> -	void *vaddr;
> -	int ret;
>   
>   	/*
>   	 * If no memory is reserved then we can not register for firmware-
> @@ -1200,18 +1150,10 @@ static int register_fadump(void)
>   	if (!fw_dump.reserve_dump_area_size)
>   		return -ENODEV;
>   
> -	ret = fadump_setup_crash_memory_ranges();
> -	if (ret)
> -		return ret;
> -
>   	addr = fw_dump.fadumphdr_addr;
>   
>   	/* Initialize fadump crash info header. */
>   	addr = init_fadump_header(addr);
> -	vaddr = __va(addr);
> -
> -	pr_debug("Creating ELF core headers at %#016lx\n", addr);
> -	fadump_create_elfcore_headers(vaddr);
>   
>   	/* register the future kernel dump with firmware. */
>   	pr_debug("Registering for firmware-assisted kernel dump...\n");
> @@ -1230,7 +1172,6 @@ void fadump_cleanup(void)
>   	} else if (fw_dump.dump_registered) {
>   		/* Un-register Firmware-assisted dump if it was registered. */
>   		fw_dump.ops->fadump_unregister(&fw_dump);
> -		fadump_free_mem_ranges(&crash_mrange_info);
>   	}
>   
>   	if (fw_dump.ops->fadump_cleanup)
> @@ -1416,6 +1357,22 @@ static void fadump_release_memory(u64 begin, u64 end)
>   		fadump_release_reserved_area(tstart, end);
>   }
>   
> +static void fadump_free_elfcorehdr_buf(void)
> +{
> +	if (fw_dump.elfcorehdr_addr == 0 || fw_dump.elfcorehdr_size == 0)
> +		return;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Before freeing the memory of `elfcorehdr`, reset the global
> +	 * `elfcorehdr_addr` to prevent modules like `vmcore` from accessing
> +	 * invalid memory.
> +	 */
> +	elfcorehdr_addr = ELFCORE_ADDR_ERR;
> +	fadump_free_buffer(fw_dump.elfcorehdr_addr, fw_dump.elfcorehdr_size);
> +	fw_dump.elfcorehdr_addr = 0;
> +	fw_dump.elfcorehdr_size = 0;
> +}
> +
>   static void fadump_invalidate_release_mem(void)
>   {
>   	mutex_lock(&fadump_mutex);
> @@ -1427,6 +1384,7 @@ static void fadump_invalidate_release_mem(void)
>   	fadump_cleanup();
>   	mutex_unlock(&fadump_mutex);
>   
> +	fadump_free_elfcorehdr_buf();
>   	fadump_release_memory(fw_dump.boot_mem_top, memblock_end_of_DRAM());
>   	fadump_free_cpu_notes_buf();
>   
> @@ -1632,6 +1590,102 @@ static void __init fadump_init_files(void)
>   	return;
>   }
>   
> +static int __init fadump_setup_elfcorehdr_buf(void)
> +{
> +	int elf_phdr_cnt;
> +	unsigned long elfcorehdr_size;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Program header for CPU notes comes first, followed by one for
> +	 * vmcoreinfo, and the remaining program headers correspond to
> +	 * memory regions.
> +	 */
> +	elf_phdr_cnt = 2 + fw_dump.boot_mem_regs_cnt + memblock_num_regions(memory);
> +	elfcorehdr_size = sizeof(struct elfhdr) + (elf_phdr_cnt * sizeof(struct elf_phdr));
> +	elfcorehdr_size = PAGE_ALIGN(elfcorehdr_size);
> +
> +	fw_dump.elfcorehdr_addr = (u64)fadump_alloc_buffer(elfcorehdr_size);
> +	if (!fw_dump.elfcorehdr_addr) {
> +		pr_err("Failed to allocate %lu bytes for elfcorehdr\n",
> +		       elfcorehdr_size);
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +	}
> +	fw_dump.elfcorehdr_size = elfcorehdr_size;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Check if the fadump header of crashed kernel is compatible with fadump kernel.
> + *
> + * It checks the magic number, endianness, and size of non-primitive type
> + * members of fadump header to ensure safe dump collection.
> + */
> +static bool __init is_fadump_header_compatible(struct fadump_crash_info_header *fdh)
> +{
> +	if (fdh->magic_number == FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC_OLD) {
> +		pr_err("Old magic number, can't process the dump.\n");
> +		return false;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (fdh->magic_number != FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC) {
> +		if (fdh->magic_number == swab64(FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC))
> +			pr_err("Endianness mismatch between the crashed and fadump kernels.\n");
> +		else
> +			pr_err("Fadump header is corrupted.\n");
> +
> +		return false;
> +	}
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Dump collection is not safe if the size of non-primitive type members
> +	 * of the fadump header do not match between crashed and fadump kernel.
> +	 */
> +	if (fdh->pt_regs_sz != sizeof(struct pt_regs) ||
> +	    fdh->cpu_mask_sz != sizeof(struct cpumask)) {
> +		pr_err("Fadump header size mismatch.\n");
> +		return false;
> +	}
> +
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static void __init fadump_process(void)
> +{
> +	struct fadump_crash_info_header *fdh;
> +
> +	fdh = (struct fadump_crash_info_header *) __va(fw_dump.fadumphdr_addr);
> +	if (!fdh) {
> +		pr_err("Crash info header is empty.\n");
> +		goto err_out;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Avoid processing the dump if fadump header isn't compatible */
> +	if (!is_fadump_header_compatible(fdh))
> +		goto err_out;
> +
> +	/* Allocate buffer for elfcorehdr */
> +	if (fadump_setup_elfcorehdr_buf())
> +		goto err_out;
> +
> +	fadump_populate_elfcorehdr(fdh);
> +
> +	/* Let platform update the CPU notes in elfcorehdr */
> +	if (fw_dump.ops->fadump_process(&fw_dump) < 0)
> +		goto err_out;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * elfcorehdr is now ready to be exported.
> +	 *
> +	 * set elfcorehdr_addr so that vmcore module will export the
> +	 * elfcorehdr through '/proc/vmcore'.
> +	 */
> +	elfcorehdr_addr = virt_to_phys((void *)fw_dump.elfcorehdr_addr);
> +	return;
> +
> +err_out:
> +	fadump_invalidate_release_mem();
> +}
> +
>   /*
>    * Prepare for firmware-assisted dump.
>    */
> @@ -1651,12 +1705,7 @@ int __init setup_fadump(void)
>   	 * saving it to the disk.
>   	 */
>   	if (fw_dump.dump_active) {
> -		/*
> -		 * if dump process fails then invalidate the registration
> -		 * and release memory before proceeding for re-registration.
> -		 */
> -		if (fw_dump.ops->fadump_process(&fw_dump) < 0)
> -			fadump_invalidate_release_mem();
> +		fadump_process();
>   	}
>   	/* Initialize the kernel dump memory structure and register with f/w */
>   	else if (fw_dump.reserve_dump_area_size) {
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/opal-fadump.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/opal-fadump.c
> index 964f464b1b0e3..767a6b19e42a8 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/opal-fadump.c
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/powernv/opal-fadump.c
> @@ -513,8 +513,8 @@ opal_fadump_build_cpu_notes(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf,
>   	final_note(note_buf);
>   
>   	pr_debug("Updating elfcore header (%llx) with cpu notes\n",
> -		 fdh->elfcorehdr_addr);
> -	fadump_update_elfcore_header(__va(fdh->elfcorehdr_addr));
> +		 fadump_conf->elfcorehdr_addr);
> +	fadump_update_elfcore_header((char *)fadump_conf->elfcorehdr_addr);
>   	return 0;
>   }
>   
> @@ -526,12 +526,7 @@ static int __init opal_fadump_process(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf)
>   	if (!opal_fdm_active || !fadump_conf->fadumphdr_addr)
>   		return rc;
>   
> -	/* Validate the fadump crash info header */
>   	fdh = __va(fadump_conf->fadumphdr_addr);
> -	if (fdh->magic_number != FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC) {
> -		pr_err("Crash info header is not valid.\n");
> -		return rc;
> -	}
>   
>   #ifdef CONFIG_OPAL_CORE
>   	/*
> @@ -545,18 +540,7 @@ static int __init opal_fadump_process(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf)
>   		kernel_initiated = true;
>   #endif
>   
> -	rc = opal_fadump_build_cpu_notes(fadump_conf, fdh);
> -	if (rc)
> -		return rc;
> -
> -	/*
> -	 * We are done validating dump info and elfcore header is now ready
> -	 * to be exported. set elfcorehdr_addr so that vmcore module will
> -	 * export the elfcore header through '/proc/vmcore'.
> -	 */
> -	elfcorehdr_addr = fdh->elfcorehdr_addr;
> -
> -	return rc;
> +	return opal_fadump_build_cpu_notes(fadump_conf, fdh);
>   }
>   
>   static void opal_fadump_region_show(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf,
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/rtas-fadump.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/rtas-fadump.c
> index b5853e9fcc3c1..214f37788b2dc 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/rtas-fadump.c
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/rtas-fadump.c
> @@ -375,11 +375,8 @@ static int __init rtas_fadump_build_cpu_notes(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf)
>   	}
>   	final_note(note_buf);
>   
> -	if (fdh) {
> -		pr_debug("Updating elfcore header (%llx) with cpu notes\n",
> -			 fdh->elfcorehdr_addr);
> -		fadump_update_elfcore_header(__va(fdh->elfcorehdr_addr));
> -	}
> +	pr_debug("Updating elfcore header (%llx) with cpu notes\n", fadump_conf->elfcorehdr_addr);
> +	fadump_update_elfcore_header((char *)fadump_conf->elfcorehdr_addr);
>   	return 0;
>   
>   error_out:
> @@ -389,14 +386,11 @@ static int __init rtas_fadump_build_cpu_notes(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf)
>   }
>   
>   /*
> - * Validate and process the dump data stored by firmware before exporting
> - * it through '/proc/vmcore'.
> + * Validate and process the dump data stored by the firmware, and update
> + * the CPU notes of elfcorehdr.
>    */
>   static int __init rtas_fadump_process(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf)
>   {
> -	struct fadump_crash_info_header *fdh;
> -	int rc = 0;
> -
>   	if (!fdm_active || !fadump_conf->fadumphdr_addr)
>   		return -EINVAL;
>   
> @@ -415,25 +409,7 @@ static int __init rtas_fadump_process(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf)
>   		return -EINVAL;
>   	}
>   
> -	/* Validate the fadump crash info header */
> -	fdh = __va(fadump_conf->fadumphdr_addr);
> -	if (fdh->magic_number != FADUMP_CRASH_INFO_MAGIC) {
> -		pr_err("Crash info header is not valid.\n");
> -		return -EINVAL;
> -	}
> -
> -	rc = rtas_fadump_build_cpu_notes(fadump_conf);
> -	if (rc)
> -		return rc;
> -
> -	/*
> -	 * We are done validating dump info and elfcore header is now ready
> -	 * to be exported. set elfcorehdr_addr so that vmcore module will
> -	 * export the elfcore header through '/proc/vmcore'.
> -	 */
> -	elfcorehdr_addr = fdh->elfcorehdr_addr;
> -
> -	return 0;
> +	return rtas_fadump_build_cpu_notes(fadump_conf);
>   }
>   
>   static void rtas_fadump_region_show(struct fw_dump *fadump_conf,