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From: Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com>
To: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>, "sboyd@kernel.org"
	<sboyd@kernel.org>, "linux-mm@kvack.org" <linux-mm@kvack.org>,
	"linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>, Zhipeng Wang
	<zhipeng.wang_1@nxp.com>, Jindong Yue <jindong.yue@nxp.com>, Christoph
 Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Subject: RE: [EXT] Re: [PATCH v2] Supports to use the default CMA when the
 device-specified CMA memory is not enough.
Thread-Topic: [EXT] Re: [PATCH v2] Supports to use the default CMA when the
 device-specified CMA memory is not enough.
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Date: Thu, 13 Jun 2024 10:32:39 +0000
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
> Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2024 5:44 PM
> To: Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com>
> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>; sboyd@kernel.org;
> linux-mm@kvack.org; linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org; Zhipeng Wang
> <zhipeng.wang_1@nxp.com>; Jindong Yue <jindong.yue@nxp.com>; Christoph
> Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> Subject: Re: [EXT] Re: [PATCH v2] Supports to use the default CMA when =
the
> device-specified CMA memory is not enough.
>=20
> Caution: This is an external email. Please take care when clicking =
links or
> opening attachments. When in doubt, report the message using the =
'Report this
> email' button
>=20
>=20
> On Thu, Jun 13, 2024 at 8:49=E2=80=AFPM Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com> =
wrote:
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
> > > Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2024 3:38 PM
> > > To: Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com>
> > > Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>; sboyd@kernel.org;
> > > linux-mm@kvack.org; linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org; Zhipeng Wang
> > > <zhipeng.wang_1@nxp.com>; Jindong Yue <jindong.yue@nxp.com>;
> > > Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> > > Subject: Re: [EXT] Re: [PATCH v2] Supports to use the default CMA
> > > when the device-specified CMA memory is not enough.
> > >
> > > Caution: This is an external email. Please take care when clicking
> > > links or opening attachments. When in doubt, report the message
> > > using the 'Report this email' button
> > >
> > >
> > > On Thu, Jun 13, 2024 at 7:11=E2=80=AFPM Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com> =
wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
> > > > > Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2024 2:15 PM
> > > > > To: Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com>
> > > > > Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>; =
sboyd@kernel.org;
> > > > > linux-mm@kvack.org; linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org; Zhipeng Wang
> > > > > <zhipeng.wang_1@nxp.com>; Jindong Yue <jindong.yue@nxp.com>;
> > > > > Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> > > > > Subject: Re: [EXT] Re: [PATCH v2] Supports to use the default
> > > > > CMA when the device-specified CMA memory is not enough.
> > > > >
> > > > > Caution: This is an external email. Please take care when
> > > > > clicking links or opening attachments. When in doubt, report =
the
> > > > > message using the 'Report this email' button
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, Jun 13, 2024 at 5:32=E2=80=AFPM Zhai He =
<zhai.he@nxp.com> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > From: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
> > > > > > > Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2024 11:28 AM
> > > > > > > To: Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com>
> > > > > > > Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>;
> > > > > > > sboyd@kernel.org; linux-mm@kvack.org;
> > > > > > > linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org; Zhipeng Wang
> > > > > > > <zhipeng.wang_1@nxp.com>; Jindong Yue =
<jindong.yue@nxp.com>;
> > > > > > > Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> > > > > > > Subject: Re: [EXT] Re: [PATCH v2] Supports to use the
> > > > > > > default CMA when the device-specified CMA memory is not =
enough.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Caution: This is an external email. Please take care when
> > > > > > > clicking links or opening attachments. When in doubt, =
report
> > > > > > > the message using the 'Report this email' button
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On Thu, Jun 13, 2024 at 2:34=E2=80=AFPM Zhai He =
<zhai.he@nxp.com> wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > > > From: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
> > > > > > > > > Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2024 5:37 AM
> > > > > > > > > To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> > > > > > > > > Cc: Zhai He <zhai.he@nxp.com>; sboyd@kernel.org;
> > > > > > > > > linux-mm@kvack.org; linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org;
> > > > > > > > > stable@vger.kernel.org; Zhipeng Wang
> > > > > > > > > <zhipeng.wang_1@nxp.com>; Jindong Yue
> > > > > > > > > <jindong.yue@nxp.com>; Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> > > > > > > > > Subject: [EXT] Re: [PATCH v2] Supports to use the
> > > > > > > > > default CMA when the device-specified CMA memory is =
not
> enough.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Caution: This is an external email. Please take care
> > > > > > > > > when clicking links or opening attachments. When in
> > > > > > > > > doubt, report the message using the 'Report this =
email'
> > > > > > > > > button
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > On Thu, Jun 13, 2024 at 6:47=E2=80=AFAM Andrew Morton
> > > > > > > > > <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> > > > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > On Wed, 12 Jun 2024 16:12:16 +0800 "zhai.he"
> > > > > > > > > > <zhai.he@nxp.com>
> > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > From: He Zhai <zhai.he@nxp.com>
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > (cc Barry & Christoph)
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > What was your reason for adding cc:stable to the =
email
> headers?
> > > > > > > > > > Does this address some serious problem?  If so, =
please
> > > > > > > > > > fully describe that problem.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > In the current code logic, if the device-specified
> > > > > > > > > > > CMA memory allocation fails, memory will not be
> > > > > > > > > > > allocated from the
> > > > > default CMA area.
> > > > > > > > > > > This patch will use the default cma region when =
the
> > > > > > > > > > > device's specified CMA is not enough.
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > In addition, the log level of allocation failure =
is changed to
> debug.
> > > > > > > > > > > Because these logs will be printed when memory
> > > > > > > > > > > allocation from the device specified CMA fails, =
but
> > > > > > > > > > > if the allocation fails, it will be allocated from
> > > > > > > > > > > the default cma area. It can easily mislead
> > > > > > > developers'
> > > > > > > > > > > judgment.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > I am not convinced that this patch is correct. If
> > > > > > > > > device-specific CMA is too small, why not increase it =
in
> > > > > > > > > the device
> > > tree?
> > > > > > > > > Conversely, if the default CMA size is too large, why
> > > > > > > > > not reduce it via the cmdline?  CMA offers all kinds =
of
> > > > > > > > > flexible configuration options based
> > > > > > > on users=E2=80=99 needs.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > One significant benefit of device-specific CMA is that
> > > > > > > > > it helps decrease fragmentation in the common CMA =
pool.
> > > > > > > > > While many devices allocate memory from the same pool,
> > > > > > > > > they have different memory requirements in terms of
> > > > > > > > > sizes and alignments. Occasions of memory allocation =
and
> > > > > > > > > release can lead to situations where the CMA pool has
> > > > > > > > > enough free space, yet someone fails to obtain
> > > > > contiguous memory from it.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > This patch entirely negates the advantage we gain from
> > > > > > > > > device-specific
> > > > > CMA.
> > > > > > > > > My point is that instead of modifying the core code,
> > > > > > > > > please consider correcting your device tree or cmdline
> configurations.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Because we enabled secure heap to support widevine DRM,
> > > > > > > > and secure heap requires security configuration, its
> > > > > > > > starting address cannot be specified arbitrarily, which
> > > > > > > > causes the default CMA to be reduced. So we
> > > > > > > reduced the CMA, but in order to avoid the impact of
> > > > > > > reducing the CMA, we used a multi-segment CMA and gave one
> > > > > > > segment to the
> > > VPU.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > However, under our memory configuration, the
> > > > > > > > device-specific CMA is not
> > > > > > > enough to support the VPU decoding high-resolution code
> > > > > > > streams, so this patch is added so that the VPU can work =
properly.
> > > > > > > > Thanks.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I don=E2=80=99t quite understand what you are saying. Why =
can=E2=80=99t you
> > > > > > > increase VPU=E2=80=99s CMA size?
> > > > > > Thanks for your quick reply.
> > > > > > Because we added a secure heap to support Widevine DRM, this
> > > > > > heap
> > > > > requires hardware protection, so its starting address cannot =
be
> > > > > specified arbitrarily. This causes the secure heap to occupy
> > > > > part of the default CMA, and the default CMA is therefore
> > > > > reduced, so in order to avoid default CMA Shrinking introduces
> > > > > other problems. We added a specific CMA area for the VPU.
> > > > > However, due to the large size of the secure heap and default
> > > > > CMA, There is no remaining memory
> > > available to increase specific CMA for VPU.
> > > > >
> > > > > I assume the secure heap you are referring to is a section of
> > > > > memory that should only be accessed by TrustZone and not be
> > > > > visible to Linux running in non-secure mode. How do you =
allocate
> > > > > this secure heap
> > > from the default CMA?
> > > >
> > > > No, secure heap is a reserved memory, secure heap is not =
allocated
> > > > from CMA,
> > > secure heap has been reserved during the kernel startup phase.
> > > > And this reserved memory is protected by hardware. Only specific
> > > > hardware
> > > and secure world can accessed it.
> > > > For example:
> > > > &{/reserved-memory/} {
> > > >         secure_region: secure {
> > > >                 compatible =3D "imx-secure-ion-pool";
> > > >                 reg =3D <0x0 0xA0000000 0 0x1EF00000>;
> > > >         };
> > > > };
> > > >
> > > > > Do you use the cma_alloc() APIs or the dma_alloc_coherent() =
APIs?
> > > > > Given that the VPU has its own device-specific CMA, why is =
this
> > > > > secure heap allocated from the default CMA instead of the =
VPU's CMA?
> > > > >
> > > > The VPU driver will use dma_alloc_coherent() to allocate =
contiguous
> memory.
> > > The secure heap is not allocated from the CMA, but because the
> > > secure heap is enabled, it occupies some contiguous memory, =
causing
> > > the default CMA to be reduced.
> > > >
> > > > > If this secure heap was allocated before the kernel booted, =
why
> > > > > did the kernel(your dts) fail to mark this area as
> > > > > nomap/reserved to prevent the default CMA from intersecting =
with it?
> > > > >
> > > > Secure heap does not intersect with the CMA.
> > > > for example:
> > > > before secure heap enabled:
> > > > 0xA000 0000 ~ 0xFFFFFFFF: default CMA after secure heap enabled:
> > > > 0x9000 0000 ~0x9FFF FFFF is the CMA specified by VPU,
> > > > 0xA000 0000 ~0xAFFF FFFF is secure heap, (the start address =
cannot
> > > > be
> > > specified arbitrarily, because this memory is protected by =
hardware,
> > > if the start address is 0x9000 0000, uboot will use this memory, =
but
> > > uboot can't access this memory because of hardware protection. So =
we
> > > find a section of memory that UBOOT will not use as secure heap.
> > > > Note: The memory of uboot can be adjusted, but avoiding the =
secure
> > > > heap will limit the memory range that uboot can use, causing
> > > > problems such as the uboot stack)
> > > > 0xB000 0000 ~0xFFFFFFFF is default CMA.
> > > > So default CMA is reduced.
> > >
> > > How is that related to your patch? I assume the default CMA is
> > > reduced because you modified it in the DTS after enabling the =
secure
> > > heap, as the CMA size is set by you. The default CMA size won't
> > > automatically decrease due to the secure heap. To me,
> 0xB0000000-0xFFFFFFFF(1.25GiB) is still too large a CMA.
> > >
> >
> > Sorry, This example is just an example. In fact, the size of our =
default CMA is
> less than 1.25GiB.
> > Our current memory distribution is as follows. Now the size of "c" =
(default
> CMA) could not meet the needs of our requirement. And "b" (reserved =
memory
> for secure) is fixed, so we couldn't expand "c" (default CMA) through =
modify DTS.
> Then we reserved "a" (specific CMA) for VPU. However, we have =
confirmed with
> the multimedia team that the maximum size required is It is uncertain, =
so
> specify "a" for VPU to use first, and "c" for other devices that =
require continuous
> memory. If "a" is not enough, use "c".
> > That's the purpose of this patch.
> >         --------------------------------------------------
> >         | a. VPU specific cma             |
> >         --------------------------------------------------
> >         | b. reserved memory for secure    |
> >         ---------------------------------------------------
> >     | c. default CMA                 |
> >     ---------------------------------------------------
> > > >
>=20
> Ok, I understand your problem. Because B is enabled, you can't have C =
as large
> as you would without B. So you add A, but A might have insufficient =
space for
> high-resolution video. You also don't know the exact size needed for =
A. In the
> corner case of encoding/decoding high-resolution video, A might be =
insufficient,
> forcing you to borrow memory from C.  Because B is situated between A =
and C,
> creating a gap, you cannot merge A and C into a single default CMA.
>=20
> This does indeed seem like a valid requirement. Please ensure to =
clearly describe
> the problem next time. However, as a general rule, allowing =
device-specific
> CMAs to borrow from the default CMA is not advisable. This would =
undermine
> the reasons why we started supporting device-specific CMAs in the =
first place.
>=20
> So the problem is that memory holes may prevent the formation of large =
CMAs.
>=20
> This situation raises a question: can we have two or more default CMAs =
due to
> memory holes like B, which might hinder the system from obtaining a =
sufficiently
> large default CMA?
>=20
> If you could define both A and C as default CMAs, you wouldn't require =
these
> kinds of fallbacks. Is it possible for you to make =
dma_contiguous_default_area a
> list rather than a global variant ?
>=20
> Another option is that we allow devices to have more than one =
memory-region,
> we can use device tree to fallback.
> memory-region =3D <&mem1, &mem2>;
>=20
> My perspective is that I acknowledge your problem as a valid =
requirement.
> However, I find the approach to be too aggressive.
>=20
OK, thanks very much for your suggestions.=20
I will try the method you proposed but I'm not sure I can implement it, =
it's a bit difficult for me. ^_^
All in all, thank you for your patient reply.

> > > > > >
> > > > > > > It seems you mean that only in some corner cases do you =
need
> > > > > > > a large CMA, but most of the time, you don=E2=80=99t need =
it to be
> > > > > > > this big? So you have
> > > > > to "borrow"
> > > > > > > memory from the
> > > > > > > default CMA. but why not move that portion from the =
default
> > > > > > > CMA to your VPU=E2=80=99s CMA?
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > This is a method, but because for VPU, the continuous memory
> > > > > > size allocated
> > > > > by the driver is based on the video stream, we cannot =
determine
> > > > > the maximum size of memory required by the VPU. This makes it
> > > > > impossible for us to determine the size of the specific CMA =
assigned to
> the VPU. Thanks.
> > > > >
> > > > > I don't understand how this can happen. You should precisely
> > > > > know the maximum size required for the VPU based on your
> > > > > multimedia pipeline and resolutions.
> > > > >
> > > > We cannot estimate the maximum contiguous memory required by the
> > > > VPU
> > > because it depends on how the video is encoded.
> > > > Thanks very much.
> > >
> > > Yes, you can. Please ask your multimedia team; they will give you =
a number.
> > >
> > > >
> > > > > I still don't understand your scenarios or the problem you are =
facing.
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
>=20
> Thanks
> Barry

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