Return-Path: Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1753459AbYCROLI (ORCPT ); Tue, 18 Mar 2008 10:11:08 -0400 Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org id S1752566AbYCROKx (ORCPT ); Tue, 18 Mar 2008 10:10:53 -0400 Received: from e35.co.us.ibm.com ([32.97.110.153]:37216 "EHLO e35.co.us.ibm.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1752560AbYCROKv (ORCPT ); Tue, 18 Mar 2008 10:10:51 -0400 Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2008 09:10:45 -0500 From: "Serge E. Hallyn" To: Li Zefan Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" , lkml , linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, Linux Containers , Stephen Smalley , Pavel Emelianov , James Morris , Greg KH , Casey Schaufler , Paul Menage Subject: Re: [PATCH] cgroups: implement device whitelist (v4) Message-ID: <20080318141045.GA9255@sergelap.austin.ibm.com> References: <20080317180722.GA17111@sergelap.austin.ibm.com> <47DF4FD9.7090308@cn.fujitsu.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <47DF4FD9.7090308@cn.fujitsu.com> User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.16 (2007-06-09) Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Content-Length: 21492 Lines: 741 Quoting Li Zefan (lizf@cn.fujitsu.com): > Serge E. Hallyn wrote: > > Implement a cgroup to track and enforce open and mknod restrictions on device > > files. A device cgroup associates a device access whitelist with each > > cgroup. A whitelist entry has 4 fields. 'type' is a (all), c (char), or > > b (block). 'all' means it applies to all types and all major and minor > > numbers. Major and minor are either an integer or * for all. > > Access is a composition of r (read), w (write), and m (mknod). > > > > The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child devcg gets > > a copy of the parent. Admins can then remove devices from the > > whitelist or add new entries. A child cgroup can never receive a > > device access which is denied its parent. However when a device > > access is removed from a parent it will not also be removed from the > > child(ren). > > > > An entry is added using devices.allow, and removed using > > devices.deny. For instance > > > > echo 'c 1:3 mr' > /cgroups/1/devices.allow > > > > allows cgroup 1 to read and mknod the device usually known as > > /dev/null. Doing > > > > echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.deny > > > > will remove the default 'a *:* mrw' entry. > > > > CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to change permissions or move another task > > to a new cgroup. A cgroup may not be granted more permissions than > > the cgroup's parent has. Any task can move itself between cgroups. > > This won't be sufficient, but we can decide the best way to > > adequately restrict movement later. > > > > The parsing of devices.allow/deny needs to be cleaned up a bit and > > Documented. I'd like to get an idea whether this approach is otherwise > > acceptable. > > > > Changelog: > > Mar 17 2008: Place specific device cgroup hooks next to > > security_inode_{mknod,permission} rather than using > > the security hooks. > > Also remove most of the controls over tasks moving > > between cgroups and playing with the allow and deny > > permissions. > > Switch to major:minor format. > > Rename devcg to 'devices' to conform to cgroup naming. > > Mar 13 2008: move the dev_cgroup support into > > capability hooks instead of having it > > as a separate security module. > > Support root_plug with devcg. > > Note that due to this change, devcg will > > not be enforcing if the dummy module is > > loaded, or if selinux is loaded without > > capabilities. > > Mar 12 2008: allow dev_cgroup lsm to be used when > > SECURITY=n, and allow stacking with SELinux > > and Smack. Don't work too hard in Kconfig > > to prevent a warning when smack+devcg are > > both compiled in, worry about that later. > > > > I would like to give some comments in the code. :) Thanks for taking a look. > > Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn > > --- > > fs/namei.c | 9 + > > include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h | 6 + > > include/linux/device_cgroup.h | 12 + > > init/Kconfig | 7 + > > security/Makefile | 1 + > > security/device_cgroup.c | 597 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > 6 files changed, 632 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) > > create mode 100644 include/linux/device_cgroup.h > > create mode 100644 security/device_cgroup.c > > > > diff --git a/fs/namei.c b/fs/namei.c > > index dfb3cb8..6caed32 100644 > > --- a/fs/namei.c > > +++ b/fs/namei.c > > @@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ > > #include > > #include > > #include > > +#include > > #include > > #include > > > > @@ -281,6 +282,10 @@ int permission(struct inode *inode, int mask, struct nameidata *nd) > > if (retval) > > return retval; > > > > + retval = devcgroup_inode_permission(inode, mask); > > + if (retval) > > + return retval; > > + > > return security_inode_permission(inode, mask, nd); > > } > > > > @@ -2028,6 +2033,10 @@ int vfs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev) > > if (!dir->i_op || !dir->i_op->mknod) > > return -EPERM; > > > > + error = devcgroup_inode_mknod(mode, dev); > > + if (error) > > + return error; > > + > > error = security_inode_mknod(dir, dentry, mode, dev); > > if (error) > > return error; > > diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h > > index 1ddebfc..e287745 100644 > > --- a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h > > +++ b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h > > @@ -42,3 +42,9 @@ SUBSYS(mem_cgroup) > > #endif > > > > /* */ > > + > > +#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE > > +SUBSYS(devices) > > +#endif > > + > > +/* */ > > diff --git a/include/linux/device_cgroup.h b/include/linux/device_cgroup.h > > new file mode 100644 > > index 0000000..0b0d9c3 > > --- /dev/null > > +++ b/include/linux/device_cgroup.h > > @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ > > +#include > > +#include > > + > > +#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE > > +extern int devcgroup_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask); > > +extern int devcgroup_inode_mknod(int mode, dev_t dev); > > +#else > > +static inline int devcgroup_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask) > > +{ return 0; } > > +static inline int devcgroup_inode_mknod(int mode, dev_t dev) > > +{ return 0; } > > +#endif > > diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig > > index 009f2d8..30868cd 100644 > > --- a/init/Kconfig > > +++ b/init/Kconfig > > @@ -298,6 +298,13 @@ config CGROUP_NS > > for instance virtual servers and checkpoint/restart > > jobs. > > > > +config CGROUP_DEVICE > > + bool "Device controller for cgroups" > > + depends on CGROUPS && EXPERIMENTAL > > + help > > + Provides a cgroup implementing whitelists for devices which > > + a process in the cgroup can mknod or open. > > + > > config CPUSETS > > bool "Cpuset support" > > depends on SMP && CGROUPS > > diff --git a/security/Makefile b/security/Makefile > > index 9e8b025..7ef1107 100644 > > --- a/security/Makefile > > +++ b/security/Makefile > > @@ -18,3 +18,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX) += selinux/built-in.o > > obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SMACK) += commoncap.o smack/built-in.o > > obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES) += commoncap.o capability.o > > obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_ROOTPLUG) += commoncap.o root_plug.o > > +obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE) += device_cgroup.o > > diff --git a/security/device_cgroup.c b/security/device_cgroup.c > > new file mode 100644 > > index 0000000..33d8fd8 > > --- /dev/null > > +++ b/security/device_cgroup.c > > @@ -0,0 +1,597 @@ > > +/* > > + * dev_cgroup.c - device cgroup subsystem > > + * > > + * Copyright 2007 IBM Corp > > + */ > > + > > +#include > > +#include > > +#include > > +#include > > +#include > > + > > +#define ACC_MKNOD 1 > > +#define ACC_READ 2 > > +#define ACC_WRITE 4 > > +#define ACC_MASK (ACC_MKNOD | ACC_READ | ACC_WRITE) > > + > > +#define DEV_BLOCK 1 > > +#define DEV_CHAR 2 > > +#define DEV_ALL 4 /* this represents all devices */ > > + > > +/* > > + * whitelist locking rules: > > + * cgroup_lock() cannot be taken under cgroup->lock. > > When you say cgroup->lock, you mean dev_cgroup->lock, right? > So would it be better to make it clear in the comment? Yes. > > + * cgroup->lock can be taken with or without cgroup_lock(). > > + * > > + * modifications always require cgroup_lock > > + * modifications to a list which is visible require the > > + * cgroup->lock *and* cgroup_lock() > > + * walking the list requires cgroup->lock or cgroup_lock(). > > + * > > + * reasoning: dev_whitelist_copy() needs to kmalloc, so needs > > + * a mutex, which the cgroup_lock() is. Since modifying > > + * a visible list requires both locks, either lock can be > > + * taken for walking the list. Since the wh->spinlock is taken > > + * for modifying a public-accessible list, the spinlock is > > + * sufficient for just walking the list. > > + */ > > + > > +struct dev_whitelist_item { > > + u32 major, minor; > > + short type; > > + short access; > > + struct list_head list; > > +}; > > + > > +struct dev_cgroup { > > + struct cgroup_subsys_state css; > > + struct list_head whitelist; > > + spinlock_t lock; > > +}; > > + > > +static inline struct dev_cgroup *cgroup_to_devcgroup( > > + struct cgroup *cgroup) > > +{ > > + return container_of(cgroup_subsys_state(cgroup, devices_subsys_id), > > + struct dev_cgroup, css); > > +} > > + > > + > > +struct cgroup_subsys devices_subsys; > > + > > +static int devcgroup_can_attach(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, > > + struct cgroup *new_cgroup, struct task_struct *task) > > +{ > > + > > redundant empty line > > > + if (current != task && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) > > + return -EPERM; > > + > > + return 0; > > +} > > + > > +/* > > + * called under cgroup_lock() > > + */ > > +int dev_whitelist_copy(struct list_head *dest, struct list_head *orig) > > static int > > > +{ > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *wh, *tmp, *new; > > + > > + list_for_each_entry(wh, orig, list) { > > + new = kmalloc(sizeof(*wh), GFP_KERNEL); > > + if (!new) > > + goto free_and_exit; > > + new->major = wh->major; > > + new->minor = wh->minor; > > + new->type = wh->type; > > + new->access = wh->access; > > + list_add_tail(&new->list, dest); > > + } > > + > > + return 0; > > + > > +free_and_exit: > > + list_for_each_entry_safe(wh, tmp, dest, list) { > > + list_del(&wh->list); > > + kfree(wh); > > + } > > + return -ENOMEM; > > +} > > + > > +/* Stupid prototype - don't bother combining existing entries */ > > +/* > > + * called under cgroup_lock() > > + * since the list is visible to dev_whitelist_addother tasks, we need the spinlock also > > + */ > > +int dev_whitelist_add(struct dev_cgroup *dev_cgroup, > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *wh) > > ditoo > > > +{ > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *whcopy; > > + > > + whcopy = kmalloc(sizeof(*whcopy), GFP_KERNEL); > > + if (!whcopy) > > + return -ENOMEM; > > + > > + memcpy(whcopy, wh, sizeof(*whcopy)); > > + spin_lock(&dev_cgroup->lock); > > + list_add_tail(&whcopy->list, &dev_cgroup->whitelist); > > + spin_unlock(&dev_cgroup->lock); > > + return 0; > > +} > > + > > +/* > > + * called under cgroup_lock() > > + * since the list is visible to other tasks, we need the spinlock also > > + */ > > +void dev_whitelist_rm(struct dev_cgroup *dev_cgroup, > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *wh) > > ditto > > > +{ > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *walk, *tmp; > > + > > + spin_lock(&dev_cgroup->lock); > > + list_for_each_entry_safe(walk, tmp, &dev_cgroup->whitelist, list) { > > + if (walk->type == DEV_ALL) > > + goto remove; > > + if (walk->type != wh->type) > > + continue; > > + if (walk->major != ~0 && walk->major != wh->major) > > + continue; > > + if (walk->minor != ~0 && walk->minor != wh->minor) > > + continue; > > + > > +remove: > > + walk->access &= ~wh->access; > > + if (!walk->access) { > > + list_del(&walk->list); > > + kfree(walk); > > + } > > + } > > + spin_unlock(&dev_cgroup->lock); > > +} > > + > > +/* > > + * called from kernel/cgroup.c with cgroup_lock() held. > > + */ > > +static struct cgroup_subsys_state *devcgroup_create(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, > > + struct cgroup *cgroup) > > +{ > > + struct dev_cgroup *dev_cgroup, *parent_dev_cgroup; > > + struct cgroup *parent_cgroup; > > + int ret; > > + > > + dev_cgroup = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev_cgroup), GFP_KERNEL); > > + if (!dev_cgroup) > > + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); > > + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev_cgroup->whitelist); > > + parent_cgroup = cgroup->parent; > > + > > + if (parent_cgroup == NULL) { > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *wh; > > + wh = kmalloc(sizeof(*wh), GFP_KERNEL); > > if (wh == NULL) .. Egads. Over the weekend I had switched these to using a statically defined init_dev_cgroup and init_wh, but switched that back. Yes definately needs a check. > > + wh->minor = wh->major = ~0; > > + wh->type = DEV_ALL; > > + wh->access = ACC_MKNOD | ACC_READ | ACC_WRITE; > > + list_add(&wh->list, &dev_cgroup->whitelist); > > + } else { > > + parent_dev_cgroup = cgroup_to_devcgroup(parent_cgroup); > > + ret = dev_whitelist_copy(&dev_cgroup->whitelist, > > + &parent_dev_cgroup->whitelist); > > + if (ret) { > > + kfree(dev_cgroup); > > + return ERR_PTR(ret); > > + } > > + } > > + > > + spin_lock_init(&dev_cgroup->lock); > > + return &dev_cgroup->css; > > +} > > + > > +static void devcgroup_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, > > + struct cgroup *cgroup) > > +{ > > + struct dev_cgroup *dev_cgroup; > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *wh, *tmp; > > + > > + dev_cgroup = cgroup_to_devcgroup(cgroup); > > + list_for_each_entry_safe(wh, tmp, &dev_cgroup->whitelist, list) { > > + list_del(&wh->list); > > + kfree(wh); > > + } > > + kfree(dev_cgroup); > > +} > > + > > +#define DEVCG_ALLOW 1 > > +#define DEVCG_DENY 2 > > + > > +void set_access(char *acc, short access) > > static > > > +{ > > + int idx = 0; > > + memset(acc, 0, 4); > > + if (access & ACC_READ) > > + acc[idx++] = 'r'; > > + if (access & ACC_WRITE) > > + acc[idx++] = 'w'; > > + if (access & ACC_MKNOD) > > + acc[idx++] = 'm'; > > +} > > + > > +char type_to_char(short type) > > static > > > +{ > > + if (type == DEV_ALL) > > + return 'a'; > > + if (type == DEV_CHAR) > > + return 'c'; > > + if (type == DEV_BLOCK) > > + return 'b'; > > + return 'X'; > > +} > > + > > +static void set_majmin(char *str, int len, unsigned m) > > +{ > > + memset(str, 0, len); > > + if (m == ~0) > > + sprintf(str, "*"); > > + else > > + snprintf(str, len, "%d", m); > > +} > > + > > +char *print_whitelist(struct dev_cgroup *devcgroup, int *len) > > static > > > +{ > > + char *buf, *s, acc[4]; > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *wh; > > + int ret; > > + int count = 0; > > + char maj[10], min[10]; > > + > > + buf = kmalloc(4096, GFP_KERNEL); > > + if (!buf) > > + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); > > + s = buf; > > + *s = '\0'; > > + *len = 0; > > + > > + spin_lock(&devcgroup->lock); > > + list_for_each_entry(wh, &devcgroup->whitelist, list) { > > + set_access(acc, wh->access); > > + set_majmin(maj, 10, wh->major); > > + set_majmin(min, 10, wh->minor); > > + ret = snprintf(s, 4095-(s-buf), "%c %s:%s %s\n", > > + type_to_char(wh->type), maj, min, acc); > > + if (s+ret >= buf+4095) { > > + kfree(buf); > > + buf = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); > > + break; > > + } > > + s += ret; > > + *len += ret; > > + count++; > > + } > > + spin_unlock(&devcgroup->lock); > > + > > + return buf; > > +} > > + > > +static ssize_t devcgroup_access_read(struct cgroup *cgroup, > > + struct cftype *cft, struct file *file, > > + char __user *userbuf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos) > > +{ > > + struct dev_cgroup *devcgroup = cgroup_to_devcgroup(cgroup); > > + int filetype = cft->private; > > + char *buffer; > > + int len, retval; > > + > > + if (filetype != DEVCG_ALLOW) > > + return -EINVAL; > > + buffer = print_whitelist(devcgroup, &len); > > + if (IS_ERR(buffer)) > > + return PTR_ERR(buffer); > > + > > + retval = simple_read_from_buffer(userbuf, nbytes, ppos, buffer, len); > > + kfree(buffer); > > + return retval; > > +} > > + > > +/* > > + * may_access_whitelist: > > + * does the access granted to dev_cgroup c contain the access > > + * requested in whitelist item refwh. > > + * return 1 if yes, 0 if no. > > + * call with c->lock held > > + */ > > +static int may_access_whitelist(struct dev_cgroup *c, > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *refwh) > > +{ > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *whitem; > > + > > + list_for_each_entry(whitem, &c->whitelist, list) { > > + if (whitem->type & DEV_ALL) > > + return 1; > > + if ((refwh->type & DEV_BLOCK) && !(whitem->type & DEV_BLOCK)) > > + continue; > > + if ((refwh->type & DEV_CHAR) && !(whitem->type & DEV_CHAR)) > > + continue; > > + if (whitem->major != ~0 && whitem->major != refwh->major) > > + continue; > > + if (whitem->minor != ~0 && whitem->minor != refwh->minor) > > + continue; > > + if (refwh->access & (~(whitem->access | ACC_MASK))) > > + continue; > > + return 1; > > + } > > + return 0; > > +} > > + > > +/* > > + * parent_has_perm: > > + * when adding a new allow rule to a device whitelist, the rule > > + * must be allowed in the parent device > > + */ > > +static int parent_has_perm(struct cgroup *childcg, > > + struct dev_whitelist_item *wh) > > +{ > > + struct cgroup *pcg = childcg->parent; > > + struct dev_cgroup *parent; > > + int ret; > > + > > + if (!pcg) > > + return 1; > > + parent = cgroup_to_devcgroup(pcg); > > + spin_lock(&parent->lock); > > + ret = may_access_whitelist(parent, wh); > > + spin_unlock(&parent->lock); > > + return ret; > > +} > > + > > +/* > > + * Modify the whitelist using allow/deny rules. > > + * CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed for this. It's at least separate from CAP_MKNOD > > + * so we can give a container CAP_MKNOD to let it create devices but not > > + * modify the whitelist. > > + * It seems likely we'll want to add a CAP_CONTAINER capability to allow > > + * us to also grant CAP_SYS_ADMIN to containers without giving away the > > + * device whitelist controls, but for now we'll stick with CAP_SYS_ADMIN > > + * > > + * Taking rules away is always allowed (given CAP_SYS_ADMIN). Granting > > + * new access is only allowed if you're in the top-level cgroup, or your > > + * parent cgroup has the access you're asking for. > > + */ > > +static ssize_t devcgroup_access_write(struct cgroup *cgroup, struct cftype *cft, > > + struct file *file, const char __user *userbuf, > > + size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos) > > +{ > > + struct cgroup *cur_cgroup; > > + struct dev_cgroup *devcgroup, *cur_devcgroup; > > + int filetype = cft->private; > > + char *buffer, *b; > > + int retval = 0, count; > > + struct dev_whitelist_item wh; > > + > > + if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) > > + return -EPERM; > > + > > + devcgroup = cgroup_to_devcgroup(cgroup); > > + cur_cgroup = task_cgroup(current, devices_subsys.subsys_id); > > + cur_devcgroup = cgroup_to_devcgroup(cur_cgroup); > > + > > + buffer = kmalloc(nbytes+1, GFP_KERNEL); > > + if (!buffer) > > + return -ENOMEM; > > + > > + if (copy_from_user(buffer, userbuf, nbytes)) { > > + retval = -EFAULT; > > + goto out1; > > + } > > + buffer[nbytes] = 0; /* nul-terminate */ > > + > > + cgroup_lock(); > > + if (cgroup_is_removed(cgroup)) { > > + retval = -ENODEV; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + > > + memset(&wh, 0, sizeof(wh)); > > + b = buffer; > > + > > + switch (*b) { > > + case 'a': > > + wh.type = DEV_ALL; > > + wh.access = ACC_MASK; > > + goto handle; > > + case 'b': > > + wh.type = DEV_BLOCK; > > + break; > > + case 'c': > > + wh.type = DEV_CHAR; > > + break; > > + default: > > + retval = -EINVAL; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + b += 2; > > + if (*b == '*') { > > + wh.major = ~0; > > + b++; > > + } else if (isdigit(*b)) { > > + wh.major = 0; > > + while (isdigit(*b)) { > > + wh.major = wh.major*10+(*b-'0'); > > + b++; > > + } > > + } else { > > + retval = -EINVAL; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + if (*b != ':') { > > + retval = -EINVAL; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + b++; > > + > > + /* read minor */ > > + if (*b == '*') { > > + wh.minor = ~0; > > + b++; > > + } else if (isdigit(*b)) { > > + wh.minor = 0; > > + while (isdigit(*b)) { > > + wh.minor = wh.minor*10+(*b-'0'); > > + b++; > > + } > > + } else { > > + retval = -EINVAL; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + if (!isspace(*b)) { > > + retval = -EINVAL; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + for (b++, count = 0; count < 3; count++, b++) { > > + switch (*b) { > > + case 'r': > > + wh.access |= ACC_READ; > > + break; > > + case 'w': > > + wh.access |= ACC_WRITE; > > + break; > > + case 'm': > > + wh.access |= ACC_MKNOD; > > + break; > > + case '\n': > > + case '\0': > > + break; > > + default: > > + retval = -EINVAL; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + } > > + > > +handle: > > + retval = 0; > > + switch (filetype) { > > + case DEVCG_ALLOW: > > + if (!parent_has_perm(cgroup, &wh)) > > + retval = -EPERM; > > + else > > + retval = dev_whitelist_add(devcgroup, &wh); > > + break; > > + case DEVCG_DENY: > > + dev_whitelist_rm(devcgroup, &wh); > > + break; > > + default: > > + retval = -EINVAL; > > + goto out2; > > + } > > + > > + if (retval == 0) > > + retval = nbytes; > > + > > +out2: > > + cgroup_unlock(); > > +out1: > > + kfree(buffer); > > + return retval; > > +} > > + > > +static struct cftype dev_cgroup_files[] = { > > + { > > + .name = "allow", > > + .read = devcgroup_access_read, > > + .write = devcgroup_access_write, > > + .private = DEVCG_ALLOW, > > + }, > > + { > > + .name = "deny", > > + .write = devcgroup_access_write, > > + .private = DEVCG_DENY, > > + }, > > +}; > > + > > +static int devcgroup_populate(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, > > + struct cgroup *cont) > > could you use the name 'cgroup' or 'cgrp' instead of old name 'cont'? Sure. Certainly not cgrp, will use cgroup. > > + .name = "devices", > > + .can_attach = devcgroup_can_attach, > > + .create = devcgroup_create, > > + .destroy = devcgroup_destroy, > > + .populate = devcgroup_populate, > > + .subsys_id = devices_subsys_id, > > +}; thanks, -serge -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/