Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2009 12:05:27 +0530
From: "K.Prasad" <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
To: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>,
       Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
       Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
       Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@au1.ibm.com>,
       Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>, maneesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com,
       Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>,
       Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>,
       "K.Prasad" <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Subject: [Patch 02/11] Introducing generic hardware breakpoint handler
	interfaces
Message-ID: <20090407063527.GC17461@in.ibm.com>
References: <20090407063058.301701787@prasadkr_t60p.in.ibm.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
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Content-Disposition: inline; filename=generic_hwbkpt_02
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This patch introduces the generic Hardware Breakpoint interfaces for both user
and kernel space requests.

Signed-off-by: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
---
 arch/Kconfig           |    4 
 kernel/Makefile        |    1 
 kernel/hw_breakpoint.c |  401 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 406 insertions(+)

Index: arch/Kconfig
===================================================================
--- arch/Kconfig.orig	2009-04-01 20:53:43.000000000 +0530
+++ arch/Kconfig	2009-04-01 20:54:15.000000000 +0530
@@ -109,3 +109,7 @@
 
 config HAVE_DMA_API_DEBUG
 	bool
+
+config HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT
+	bool
+
Index: kernel/Makefile
===================================================================
--- kernel/Makefile.orig	2009-04-01 20:53:43.000000000 +0530
+++ kernel/Makefile	2009-04-01 20:54:15.000000000 +0530
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
 obj-$(CONFIG_TRACING) += trace/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += sched_cpupri.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PERF_COUNTERS) += perf_counter.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_HW_BREAKPOINT) += hw_breakpoint.o
 
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_SCHED_OMIT_FRAME_POINTER),y)
 # According to Alan Modra <alan@linuxcare.com.au>, the -fno-omit-frame-pointer is
Index: kernel/hw_breakpoint.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ kernel/hw_breakpoint.c	2009-04-01 20:54:15.000000000 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+/*
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Alan Stern
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2009
+ */
+
+/*
+ * HW_breakpoint: a unified kernel/user-space hardware breakpoint facility,
+ * using the CPU's debug registers.
+ *
+ * This file contains the arch-independent routines.  It is not meant
+ * to be compiled as a standalone source file; rather it should be
+ * #include'd by the arch-specific implementation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/irqflags.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+#include <linux/notifier.h>
+#include <linux/kprobes.h>
+#include <linux/kdebug.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/smp.h>
+
+#include <asm/hw_breakpoint.h>
+#include <asm/processor.h>
+#include <asm/debugreg.h>
+
+/*
+ * Mutex that protects all (un)register operations over kernel/user-space
+ * breakpoint requests
+ */
+DEFINE_MUTEX(hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+
+/* Array of kernel-space breakpoint structures */
+struct hw_breakpoint *hbp_kernel[HB_NUM];
+
+/*
+ * Kernel breakpoints grow downwards, starting from HB_NUM
+ * 'hbp_kernel_pos' denotes lowest numbered breakpoint register occupied for
+ * kernel-space request. We will initialise it here and not in an __init
+ * routine because load_debug_registers(), which uses this variable can be
+ * called very early during CPU initialisation.
+ */
+unsigned int hbp_kernel_pos = HB_NUM;
+
+/*
+ * An array containing refcount of threads using a given bkpt register
+ * Accesses are synchronised by acquiring hw_breakpoint_mutex
+ */
+unsigned int hbp_user_refcount[HB_NUM];
+
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, last_debugged_task);
+
+/*
+ * Install the debug register values for a new thread.
+ */
+void switch_to_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	/* Set the debug register */
+	arch_install_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
+	per_cpu(last_debugged_task, get_cpu()) = current;
+	put_cpu_no_resched();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Install the debug register values for just the kernel, no thread.
+ */
+void switch_to_none_hw_breakpoint(void)
+{
+	arch_uninstall_thread_hw_breakpoint();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load the debug registers during startup of a CPU.
+ */
+void load_debug_registers(void)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
+
+	mutex_lock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+
+	/* Prevent IPIs for new kernel breakpoint updates */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	arch_update_kernel_hw_breakpoints(NULL);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+
+	if (test_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_DEBUG))
+		switch_to_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Erase all the hardware breakpoint info associated with a thread.
+ *
+ * If tsk != current then tsk must not be usable (for example, a
+ * child being cleaned up from a failed fork).
+ */
+void flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
+
+	mutex_lock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+
+	/* The thread no longer has any breakpoints associated with it */
+	clear_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_DEBUG);
+	for (i = 0; i < HB_NUM; i++) {
+		if (thread->hbp[i]) {
+			hbp_user_refcount[i]--;
+			kfree(thread->hbp[i]);
+			thread->hbp[i] = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	arch_flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
+
+	/* Actually uninstall the breakpoints if necessary */
+	if (tsk == current)
+		switch_to_none_hw_breakpoint();
+	mutex_unlock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy the hardware breakpoint info from a thread to its cloned child.
+ */
+int copy_thread_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
+		struct task_struct *child, unsigned long clone_flags)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We will assume that breakpoint settings are not inherited
+	 * and the child starts out with no debug registers set.
+	 * But what about CLONE_PTRACE?
+	 */
+	clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_DEBUG);
+
+	/* We will call flush routine since the debugregs are not inherited */
+	arch_flush_thread_hw_breakpoint(child);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Validate the settings in a hw_breakpoint structure.
+ */
+static int validate_settings(struct hw_breakpoint *bp, struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!bp)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	ret = arch_validate_hwbkpt_settings(bp, tsk);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Check that the virtual address is in the proper range */
+	if (tsk) {
+		if (!arch_check_va_in_userspace(bp->info.address, bp->info.len))
+			return -EFAULT;
+	} else {
+		if (!arch_check_va_in_kernelspace(bp->info.address,
+								bp->info.len))
+			return -EFAULT;
+	}
+ err:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int __register_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk,
+					struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
+{
+	struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
+	int rc;
+
+	/* Do not overcommit. Fail if kernel has used the hbp registers */
+	if (pos >= hbp_kernel_pos)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	rc = validate_settings(bp, tsk);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	thread->hbp[pos] = bp;
+	hbp_user_refcount[pos]++;
+
+	arch_update_user_hw_breakpoint(pos, tsk);
+	/*
+	 * Does it need to be installed right now?
+	 * Otherwise it will get installed the next time tsk runs
+	 */
+	if (tsk == current)
+		switch_to_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Modify the address of a hbp register already in use by the task
+ * Do not invoke this in-lieu of a __unregister_user_hw_breakpoint()
+ */
+int __modify_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk,
+					struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
+{
+	struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
+
+	if ((pos >= hbp_kernel_pos) || (validate_settings(bp, tsk)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (thread->hbp[pos] == NULL)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	thread->hbp[pos] = bp;
+	/*
+	 * 'pos' must be that of a hbp register already used by 'tsk'
+	 * Otherwise arch_modify_user_hw_breakpoint() will fail
+	 */
+	arch_update_user_hw_breakpoint(pos, tsk);
+
+	if (tsk == current)
+		switch_to_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void __unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(int pos, struct task_struct *tsk)
+{
+	hbp_user_refcount[pos]--;
+	tsk->thread.hbp[pos] = NULL;
+
+	arch_update_user_hw_breakpoint(pos, tsk);
+
+	if (tsk == current)
+		switch_to_thread_hw_breakpoint(tsk);
+}
+
+/**
+ * register_user_hw_breakpoint - register a hardware breakpoint for user space
+ * @tsk: pointer to 'task_struct' of the process to which the address belongs
+ * @bp: the breakpoint structure to register
+ *
+ * @bp.info->name or @bp.info->address, @bp.info->len, @bp.info->type and
+ * @bp->triggered must be set properly before invocation
+ *
+ */
+int register_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
+					struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
+{
+	struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
+	int i, rc = -ENOSPC;
+
+	mutex_lock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < hbp_kernel_pos; i++) {
+		if (!thread->hbp[i]) {
+			rc = __register_user_hw_breakpoint(i, tsk, bp);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+	return rc;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_user_hw_breakpoint);
+
+/**
+ * unregister_user_hw_breakpoint - unregister a user-space hardware breakpoint
+ * @tsk: pointer to 'task_struct' of the process to which the address belongs
+ * @bp: the breakpoint structure to unregister
+ *
+ */
+void unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(struct task_struct *tsk,
+						struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
+{
+	struct thread_struct *thread = &(tsk->thread);
+	int i;
+
+	mutex_lock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+	for (i = 0; i < hbp_kernel_pos; i++) {
+		if (bp == thread->hbp[i]) {
+			__unregister_user_hw_breakpoint(i, tsk);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_user_hw_breakpoint);
+
+/**
+ * register_kernel_hw_breakpoint - register a hardware breakpoint for kernel space
+ * @bp: the breakpoint structure to register
+ *
+ * @bp.info->name or @bp.info->address, @bp.info->len, @bp.info->type and
+ * @bp->triggered must be set properly before invocation
+ *
+ */
+int register_kernel_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
+{
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = validate_settings(bp, NULL);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	mutex_lock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+
+	rc = -EINVAL;
+	/* Check if we are over-committing */
+	if ((hbp_kernel_pos > 0) && (!hbp_user_refcount[hbp_kernel_pos-1])) {
+		hbp_kernel_pos--;
+		hbp_kernel[hbp_kernel_pos] = bp;
+		on_each_cpu(arch_update_kernel_hw_breakpoints, NULL, 0);
+		rc = 0;
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+	return rc;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_kernel_hw_breakpoint);
+
+/**
+ * unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint - unregister a HW breakpoint for kernel space
+ * @bp: the breakpoint structure to unregister
+ *
+ * Uninstalls and unregisters @bp.
+ */
+void unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint(struct hw_breakpoint *bp)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	mutex_lock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+
+	/* Find the 'bp' in our list of breakpoints for kernel */
+	for (i = hbp_kernel_pos; i < HB_NUM; i++)
+		if (bp == hbp_kernel[i])
+			break;
+
+	/* Check if we did not find a match for 'bp'. If so return early */
+	if (i == HB_NUM) {
+		mutex_unlock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We'll shift the breakpoints one-level above to compact if
+	 * unregistration creates a hole
+	 */
+	for (j = i; j > hbp_kernel_pos; j--)
+		hbp_kernel[j] = hbp_kernel[j-1];
+
+	hbp_kernel[hbp_kernel_pos] = 0;
+	on_each_cpu(arch_update_kernel_hw_breakpoints, NULL, 0);
+	hbp_kernel_pos++;
+
+	mutex_unlock(&hw_breakpoint_mutex);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_kernel_hw_breakpoint);
+
+/*
+ * Handle debug exception notifications.
+ */
+static int __kprobes hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify(
+		struct notifier_block *unused, unsigned long val, void *data)
+{
+	if (val != DIE_DEBUG)
+		return NOTIFY_DONE;
+
+	return hw_breakpoint_handler(data);
+}
+
+static struct notifier_block hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb = {
+	.notifier_call = hw_breakpoint_exceptions_notify,
+	/* we need to be notified first */
+	.priority = 0x7fffffff
+};
+
+static int __init init_hw_breakpoint(void)
+{
+	return register_die_notifier(&hw_breakpoint_exceptions_nb);
+}
+
+core_initcall(init_hw_breakpoint);

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