Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 10:17:19 -0700
From: Gary Hade <garyhade@us.ibm.com>
To: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Gary Hade <garyhade@us.ibm.com>, Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>,
       mingo@elte.hu, mingo@redhat.com, tglx@linutronix.de, hpa@zytor.com,
       x86@kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, lcm@us.ibm.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH 3/3] [BUGFIX] x86/x86_64: fix IRQ migration triggered
	active device IRQ interrruption
Message-ID: <20090429171719.GA7385@us.ibm.com>
References: <20090408210745.GE11159@us.ibm.com> <86802c440904081503k545bf7b4n3d44aa3c9d101e0d@mail.gmail.com> <20090408230820.GA14412@us.ibm.com> <86802c440904102346lfbc85f2w4508bded0572ec58@mail.gmail.com> <20090413193717.GB8393@us.ibm.com> <m1bpr0e2au.fsf@fess.ebiederm.org> <20090428000536.GA7347@us.ibm.com> <m1bpqhjco7.fsf@fess.ebiederm.org> <20090429004451.GA7329@us.ibm.com> <m1eivc9qsn.fsf@fess.ebiederm.org>
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On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 06:44:56PM -0700, Eric W. Biederman wrote:
> Gary Hade <garyhade@us.ibm.com> writes:
> 
> > On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 03:27:36AM -0700, Eric W. Biederman wrote:
> >> Gary Hade <garyhade@us.ibm.com> writes:
> >> 
> >> > The I/O redirection table register write with the remote
> >> > IRR set issue has reproduced on every IBM System x server
> >> > I have tried including the x460, x3850, x3550 M2, and x3950 M2.
> >> > Nobody has responded to my request to test for the presence
> >> > of this issue on non-IBM systems but I think it is pretty safe
> >> > to assume that the problem is not IBM specific.
> >> 
> >> There is no question.  The problem can be verified from a simple
> >> code inspection.  It results from the brokenness of the current
> >> fixup_irqs.
> >> 
> >> Your suggested change at the very least is likely to result in
> >> dropped irqs at runtime.
> >
> > Which of the two patches (2/3 or 3/3) could cause the dropped IRQs
> > and exactly how can this happen?  If you are possibly referring to
> > the concerns about IRQs being migrated in process context during CPU
> > offlining, that design pre-dates my patches.
> 
> I am referring to some of the side effects of a cpu being migrated in
> process context during CPU offlining.  That code has been
> fundamentally broken since it was merged in 2005.  Various changes
> have changed the odds of how likely it is to fail, and how likely
> people are to encounter problems.

IMHO, my proposed fixes clearly reduce the odds of failure.

> 
> The practice of masking an irq while it is actively being used and
> we don't have that irq software pending means we will drop that
> irq at some point, and that is what the code in irq_64.c:fixup_irqs
> does today.
> 
> >From what I can tell your patches simply apply more code dubious
> code to the fixup_irqs path.

Well, they also fix two insidious problems that can render
the system unuseable.  

> 
> >>                           Something some drivers do not
> >> tolerate well.
> >> 
> >> > After incorporating the fix that avoids writes to the 
> >> > the I/O redirection table registers while the remote IRR
> >> > bit is set, I have _not_ observed any other issues that 
> >> > might be related to the ioapic fragility that you mentioned.
> >> > This of course does not prove that you are wrong and that
> >> > there is not a need for the changes you are suggesting.
> >> > However, until someone has the bandwidth to tackle the difficult
> >> > changes that you suggest, I propose that we continue to repair
> >> > problems that are found in the current implementation with fixes
> >> > such as those that I provided.
> >> 
> >> The changes I suggest are not difficult.
> >> 
> >> How is APIC routing setup on your hardware?
> >> "Setting APIC routing to flat"  Is what my laptop reports.
> >
> > Oh, thats easy.  On the IBM x3550 M2 where I have confirmed that
> > both bugs exist and where I did the below described testing of
> > your patch, the APIC routing is shown as physical flat:
> >   "Setting APIC routing to physical flat"
> >
> >> 
> >> My apologies for asking it badly last time.
> >
> > No problem!  Badly probably depends on the audience and
> > I'm probably not a particularily good one. :)
> >
> >> For understanding what
> >> you are testing that is a critical piece of information.
> >> 
> >> Below is my draft patch that stops cpu shutdown when irqs can not be
> >> migrated off.  The code to do that is trivial, and is guaranteed
> >> to fix all of your lost irq problems.
> >
> > This didn't help.  Using 2.6.30-rc3 plus your patch both bugs
> > are unfortunately still present.
> 
> You could offline the cpus?  I know when I tested it on my
> laptop I could not offline the cpus.

Eric, I'm sorry!  This was due to my stupid mistake.  When I
went to apply your patch I included --dry-run to test it but
apparently got distracted and never actually ran patch(1)
without --dry-run. <SIGH>

So, I just rebuilt after _really_ applying the patch and got
the following result which probably to be what you intended.

elm3b55:/home/garyh/kernel # cat ./cpus_offline_all.sh
#!/bin/sh

##
#  Offline all offlineable CPUs
##

SYS_CPU_DIR=/sys/devices/system/cpu

for d in $SYS_CPU_DIR/cpu[1-9] $SYS_CPU_DIR/cpu??; do
    cpu="`basename $d`"
    state=`cat $d/online`
    if [ "$state" = 1 ]; then
        echo $cpu: offlining
        echo 0 > $d/online
    else
        echo $cpu: already offline
    fi
done
elm3b55:/home/garyh/kernel # ./cpus_offline_all.sh 
cpu1: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu2: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu3: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu4: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu5: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu6: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu7: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu8: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu9: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu10: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu11: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu12: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu13: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu14: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument
cpu15: offlining
./cpus_offline_all.sh: line 14: echo: write error: Invalid argument

> 
> If you can offline cpus because your irqs have IRQ_MOVE_PCNT
> set, then you must have an iommu and the work that needs to
> be done to get things stable on your system is different.
> 
> > With respect to the race fixed by patch 2/3 that occurs when
> > the device is not very active I have found that a printk in
> > __assign_irq_vector() showing -EBUSY returns is a reliable
> > indicator of when things go bad and the CPU handling the IRQ
> > is offlined without the affinity being migrated to an online CPU.
> > The following was logged during the failure. 
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> >   __assign_irq_vector: XXX irq=16 returning -EBUSY
> 
> I have not been looking closely at your reported bugs.  So
> far everything seems to be related to the totally broken moving
> irqs in process context code in fixup_irqs, and making the
> races smaller does not interest me when it looks like we can
> make the races go away.
> 
> > I am not sure if I totally understand what your new
> > cleanup_pending_irqs() is doing but I *think* it is
> > only broadcasting an IPI when the same IRQ is being
> > handled on the IRQ move destination CPU.  
> 
> My new cleanup_pending_irqs() as written still has a number of bugs,
> it is more of a placeholder than solid tested code at the moment.
> 
> cleanup_pending_irqs() is supposed to happen after a synchronous
> irq migration (so no irqs should be hitting the cpu) and
> as such it should be possible to cleanup any irq pending state
> on the current cpu, and if an irq is pending to simply redirect
> it to some other cpu that still has the irq active.
> 
> cleanup_pending_irqs() currently does not have the code to ack the
> irqs that are pending in the irr, which could have a correctness
> consequence with the hardware.  Beyond that it is just a matter of
> reflecting the irq to a different cpu (so we don't miss one).
> 
> > If this understanding
> > is correct, I don't think it covers the case where the device
> > is generating IRQs at such an extremely slow rate that
> > absolutely none are received between the time that the
> > move_in_progress flag was set to 1 and the IRQ move
> > destination CPU is offlined.  I actually played around with
> > broadcasting an IPI every time the move_in_progress flag
> > was set to 1 which repaired the problem but did not feel
> > like a good solution especially after I discovered that there
> > was no need to even set move_in_progress to 1 if all CPUs in
> > the old domain were going to be offline when the cleanup code
> > was run  i.e. cleanup code does nothing when it eventually runs.
> 
> That case should be handled simply by denying cpu down event.
> And that code was working when I tested it on my laptop.
> 
> I am wondering how you managed to get the cpu to go down.
> 
> > I then incorporated my fix (patch 2/3) for the above issue
> > plus a printk in __target_IO_APIC_irq() to display values
> > written to the I/O redirection table register for the IRQ
> > of interest and tried again.  With a low incoming IRQ rate
> > the above problem no longer reproduced but after increasing
> > the incoming IRQ rate I started seeing an increasing number
> > of writes to the I/O redirection table register while the
> > remote IRR bit was set (see below) before IRQs from the
> > device were no longer being seen by the kernel.
> >
> >> 
> >> Beyond that everything I am proposing is very localized.
> >> 
> >> You have proposed making interrupts behave like they can be migrated
> >> in process context when in fact extensive testing over the years have
> >> shown in the general case interrupts can only be migrated from the irq
> >> handler, from a location where the irqs are naturally disabled.
> >
> > To be clear, IRQs were already being migrated in process
> > context during CPU offlining before I even looked at the code.
> > This was not my doing.  I believe it has been this way for
> > quite some time. 
> 
> Yep.  It doesn't mean it has ever been correct, and I am trying
> to development in ways so that we only take down a cpu when it
> is possible to migrate all of it's irqs in process context.
> 
> >> I propose detecting thpe cases that we know are safe to migrate in
> >> process context, aka logical deliver with less than 8 cpus aka "flat"
> >> routing mode and modifying the code so that those work in process
> >> context and simply deny cpu hotplug in all of the rest of the cases.
> >
> > Humm, are you suggesting that CPU offlining/onlining would not
> > be possible at all on systems with >8 logical CPUs (i.e. most
> > of our systems) or would this just force users to separately
> > migrate IRQ affinities away from a CPU (e.g. by shutting down
> > the irqbalance daemon and writing to /proc/irq/<irq>/smp_affinity)
> > before attempting to offline it?
> 
> A separate migration, for those hard to handle irqs.
> 
> The newest systems have iommus that irqs go through or are using MSIs
> for the important irqs, and as such can be migrated in process
> context.  So this is not a restriction for future systems.

I understand your concerns but we need a solution for the
earlier systems that does NOT remove or cripple the existing
CPU hotplug functionality.  If you can come up with a way to
retain CPU hotplug function while doing all IRQ migration in
interrupt context I would certainly be willing to try to find
some time to help test and debug your changes on our systems.

Thanks,
Gary

-- 
Gary Hade
System x Enablement
IBM Linux Technology Center
503-578-4503  IBM T/L: 775-4503
garyhade@us.ibm.com
http://www.ibm.com/linux/ltc

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