Return-Path: Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1759498AbZJMLVB (ORCPT ); Tue, 13 Oct 2009 07:21:01 -0400 Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org id S1759028AbZJMLVA (ORCPT ); Tue, 13 Oct 2009 07:21:00 -0400 Received: from smtp.gentoo.org ([140.211.166.183]:47631 "EHLO smtp.gentoo.org" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1755944AbZJMLVA (ORCPT ); Tue, 13 Oct 2009 07:21:00 -0400 From: Mike Frysinger To: uclinux-dev@uclinux.org, David Howells , David McCullough , Greg Ungerer , Paul Mundt Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, uclinux-dist-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org, Jie Zhang , Robin Getz , David Howells Subject: [PATCH v2] NOMMU: fix malloc performance by adding uninitialized flag Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2009 07:20:21 -0400 Message-Id: <1255432821-1104-1-git-send-email-vapier@gentoo.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 1.6.5 In-Reply-To: <32310.1255428618@redhat.com> References: <32310.1255428618@redhat.com> Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Content-Length: 6692 Lines: 164 From: Jie Zhang The NOMMU code currently clears all anonymous mmapped memory. While this is what we want in the default case, all memory allocation from userspace under NOMMU has to go through this interface, including malloc() which is allowed to return uninitialized memory. This can easily be a significant performance penalty. So for constrained embedded systems were security is irrelevant, allow people to avoid clearing memory unnecessarily. This also alters the ELF-FDPIC binfmt such that it obtains uninitialised memory for the brk and stack region. Signed-off-by: Jie Zhang Signed-off-by: Robin Getz Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger Signed-off-by: David Howells --- v2 - add a 'D' suffix in define names David: i think i slurped all your changes into this and changed all the occurrences to have a D suffix ... Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c | 3 ++- include/asm-generic/mman-common.h | 5 +++++ init/Kconfig | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ mm/nommu.c | 8 +++++--- 5 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt b/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt index b565e82..8e1ddec 100644 --- a/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt +++ b/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt @@ -119,6 +119,32 @@ FURTHER NOTES ON NO-MMU MMAP granule but will only discard the excess if appropriately configured as this has an effect on fragmentation. + (*) The memory allocated by a request for an anonymous mapping will normally + be cleared by the kernel before being returned in accordance with the + Linux man pages (ver 2.22 or later). + + In the MMU case this can be achieved with reasonable performance as + regions are backed by virtual pages, with the contents only being mapped + to cleared physical pages when a write happens on that specific page + (prior to which, the pages are effectively mapped to the global zero page + from which reads can take place). This spreads out the time it takes to + initialize the contents of a page - depending on the write-usage of the + mapping. + + In the no-MMU case, however, anonymous mappings are backed by physical + pages, and the entire map is cleared at allocation time. This can cause + significant delays during a userspace malloc() as the C library does an + anonymous mapping and the kernel then does a memset for the entire map. + + However, for memory that isn't required to be precleared - such as that + returned by malloc() - mmap() can take a MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag to + indicate to the kernel that it shouldn't bother clearing the memory before + returning it. Note that CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED must be enabled + to permit this, otherwise the flag will be ignored. + + uClibc uses this to speed up malloc(), and the ELF-FDPIC binfmt uses this + to allocate the brk and stack region. + (*) A list of all the private copy and anonymous mappings on the system is visible through /proc/maps in no-MMU mode. diff --git a/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c b/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c index 38502c6..79d2b1a 100644 --- a/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c +++ b/fs/binfmt_elf_fdpic.c @@ -380,7 +380,8 @@ static int load_elf_fdpic_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm, down_write(¤t->mm->mmap_sem); current->mm->start_brk = do_mmap(NULL, 0, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, - MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_GROWSDOWN, + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | + MAP_UNINITIALIZED | MAP_GROWSDOWN, 0); if (IS_ERR_VALUE(current->mm->start_brk)) { diff --git a/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h b/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h index 5ee13b2..2011126 100644 --- a/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h +++ b/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h @@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ #define MAP_TYPE 0x0f /* Mask for type of mapping */ #define MAP_FIXED 0x10 /* Interpret addr exactly */ #define MAP_ANONYMOUS 0x20 /* don't use a file */ +#ifdef CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED +# define MAP_UNINITIALIZED 0x4000000 /* For anonymous mmap, memory could be uninitialized */ +#else +# define MAP_UNINITIALIZED 0x0 /* Don't support this flag */ +#endif #define MS_ASYNC 1 /* sync memory asynchronously */ #define MS_INVALIDATE 2 /* invalidate the caches */ diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig index 09c5c64..817aeca 100644 --- a/init/Kconfig +++ b/init/Kconfig @@ -1069,6 +1069,28 @@ config SLOB endchoice +config MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED + bool "Allow mmaped anonymous memory to be un-initialized" + depends on EMBEDDED && !MMU + default n + help + Normally, and according to the Linux spec, anonymous memory obtained + from mmap() has it's contents cleared before it is passed to + userspace. Enabling this config option allows you to request that + mmap() skip that if it is given an MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag, thus + providing a huge performance boost. If this option is not enabled, + then the flag will be ignored. + + This is taken advantage of by uClibc's malloc(), and also by + ELF-FDPIC binfmt's brk and stack allocator. + + Because of the obvious security issues, this option should only be + enabled on embedded devices where you control what is run in + userspace. Since that isn't generally a problem on no-MMU systems, + it is normally safe to say Y here. + + See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information. + config PROFILING bool "Profiling support (EXPERIMENTAL)" help diff --git a/mm/nommu.c b/mm/nommu.c index 5189b5a..11e8231 100644 --- a/mm/nommu.c +++ b/mm/nommu.c @@ -1143,9 +1143,6 @@ static int do_mmap_private(struct vm_area_struct *vma, if (ret < rlen) memset(base + ret, 0, rlen - ret); - } else { - /* if it's an anonymous mapping, then just clear it */ - memset(base, 0, rlen); } return 0; @@ -1343,6 +1340,11 @@ unsigned long do_mmap_pgoff(struct file *file, goto error_just_free; add_nommu_region(region); + /* clear anonymous mappings that don't ask for uninitialized data */ + if (!vma->vm_file && !(flags & MAP_UNINITIALIZED)) + memset((void *)region->vm_start, 0, + region->vm_end - region->vm_start); + /* okay... we have a mapping; now we have to register it */ result = vma->vm_start; -- 1.6.5 -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/