Return-Path: Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1753913AbZKLTaP (ORCPT ); Thu, 12 Nov 2009 14:30:15 -0500 Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org id S1753702AbZKLTaN (ORCPT ); Thu, 12 Nov 2009 14:30:13 -0500 Received: from gir.skynet.ie ([193.1.99.77]:39926 "EHLO gir.skynet.ie" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1753315AbZKLTaJ (ORCPT ); Thu, 12 Nov 2009 14:30:09 -0500 From: Mel Gorman To: Andrew Morton , Frans Pop , Jiri Kosina , Sven Geggus , Karol Lewandowski , Tobias Oetiker Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, "linux-mm@kvack.org\"" , KOSAKI Motohiro , Pekka Enberg , Rik van Riel , Christoph Lameter , Stephan von Krawczynski , "Rafael J. Wysocki" , Kernel Testers List , Mel Gorman Subject: [PATCH 0/7] Reduce GFP_ATOMIC allocation failures, candidate fix V3 Date: Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:30:06 +0000 Message-Id: <1258054211-2854-1-git-send-email-mel@csn.ul.ie> X-Mailer: git-send-email 1.6.5 Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Content-Length: 9759 Lines: 200 Sorry for the long delay in posting another version. Testing is extremely time-consuming and I wasn't getting to work on this as much as I'd have liked. Changelog since V2 o Dropped the kswapd-quickly-notice-high-order patch. In more detailed testing, it made latencies even worse as kswapd slept more on high-order congestion causing order-0 direct reclaims. o Added changes to how congestion_wait() works o Added a number of new patches altering the behaviour of reclaim Since 2.6.31-rc1, there have been an increasing number of GFP_ATOMIC failures. A significant number of these have been high-order GFP_ATOMIC failures and while they are generally brushed away, there has been a large increase in them recently and there are a number of possible areas the problem could be in - core vm, page writeback and a specific driver. The bugs affected by this that I am aware of are; [Bug #14141] order 2 page allocation failures in iwlagn [Bug #14141] order 2 page allocation failures (generic) [Bug #14265] ifconfig: page allocation failure. order:5, mode:0x8020 w/ e100 [No BZ ID] Kernel crash on 2.6.31.x (kcryptd: page allocation failure..) [No BZ ID] page allocation failure message kernel 2.6.31.4 (tty-related) The following are a series of patches that bring the behaviour of reclaim and the page allocator more in line with 2.6.30. Patches 1-3 should be tested first. The testing I've done shows that the page allocator and behaviour of congestion_wait() is more in line with 2.6.30 than the vanilla kernels. It'd be nice to have 2 more tests, applying each patch on top noting any behaviour change. i.e. ideally there would be results for o patches 1+2+3 o patches 1+2+3+4 o patches 1+2+3+4+5 Of course, any tests results are welcome. The rest of the mail is the results of my own tests. I've tested against 2.6.31 and 2.6.32-rc6. I've somewhat replicated the problem in Bug #14141 and believe the other bugs are variations of the same style of problem. The basic reproduction case was; 1. X86-64 AMD Phenom and X86 P4 booted with mem=512MB. Expectation is any machine will do as long as it's 512MB for the size of workload involved. 2. A crypted work partition and swap partition was created. On my own setup, I gave no passphrase so it'd be easier to activate without interaction but there are multiple options. I should have taken better notes but the setup goes something like this; cryptsetup create -y crypt-partition /dev/sda5 pvcreate /dev/mapper/crypt-partition vgcreate crypt-volume /dev/mapper/crypt-partition lvcreate -L 5G -n crypt-logical crypt-volume lvcreate -L 2G -n crypt-swap crypt-volume mkfs -t ext3 /dev/crypt-volume/crypt-logical mkswap /dev/crypt-volume/crypt-swap 3. With the partition mounted on /scratch, I cd /scratch mkdir music git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git linux-2.6 4. On a normal partition, I expand a tarball containing test scripts available at http://www.csn.ul.ie/~mel/postings/latency-20091112/latency-tests-with-results.tar.gz There are two helper programs that run as part of the test - a fake music player and a fake gitk. The fake music player uses rsync with bandwidth limits to start downloading a music folder from another machine. It's bandwidth limited to simulate playing music over NFS. I believe it generates similar if not exact traffic to a music player. It occured to be afterwards that if one patched ogg123 to print a line when 1/10th of a seconds worth of music was played, it could be used as an indirect measure of desktop interactivity and help pin down pesky "audio skips" bug reports. The fake gitk is based on observing roughly what gitk does using strace. It loads all the logs into a large buffer and then builds a very basic hash map of parent to child commits. The data is stored because it was insufficient just to read the logs. It had to be kept in an in-memory buffer to generate swap. It then discards the data and does it over again in a loop for a small number of times so the test is finite. When it processes a large number of commits, it outputs a line to stdout so that stalls can be observed. Ideal behaviour is that commits are read at a constant rate and latencies look flat. Output from the two programs is piped through another script - latency-output. It records how far into the test it was when the line was outputted and what the latency was since the last line appeared. The latency should always be very smooth. Because pipes buffer IO, they are all run by expect_unbuffered which is available from expect-dev on Debian at least. All the tests are driven via run-test.sh. While the tests run, it records the kern.log to track page allocation failures, records nr_writeback at regular intervals and tracks Page IO and Swap IO. 5. For running an actual test, a kernel is built, booted, the crypted partition activated, lvm restarted, /dev/crypt-volume/crypt-logical mounted on /scratch, all swap partitions turned off and then the swap partition on /dev/crypt-volume/crypt-swap activated. I then run run-test.sh from the tarball 6. Run the test script To evaluate the patches, I considered three basic metrics. o The length of time it takes fake-gitk to complete on average o How often and how long fake-gitk stalled for o How long was spent in congestion_wait All generated data is in the tarball. On X86, the results I got were 2.6.30-0000000-force-highorder Elapsed:10:59.095 Failures:0 2.6.31-0000000-force-highorder Elapsed:11:53.505 Failures:0 2.6.31-revert-8aa7e847 Elapsed:14:01.595 Failures:0 2.6.31-0000012-pgalloc-2.6.30 Elapsed:13:32.237 Failures:0 2.6.31-0000123-congestion-both Elapsed:12:44.170 Failures:0 2.6.31-0001234-kswapd-quick-recheck Elapsed:10:35.327 Failures:0 2.6.31-0012345-adjust-priority Elapsed:11:02.995 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0000000-force-highorder Elapsed:18:18.562 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-revert-8aa7e847 Elapsed:10:29.278 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0000012-pgalloc-2.6.30 Elapsed:13:32.393 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0000123-congestion-both Elapsed:14:55.265 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0001234-kswapd-quick-recheck Elapsed:13:35.628 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0012345-adjust-priority Elapsed:12:41.278 Failures:0 The 0000000-force-highorder is a vanilla kernel patched so that network receive always results in an order-2 allocation. This machine wasn't suffering page allocation failures even under this circumstance. However, note how slow 2.6.32-rc6 is and how much the revert helps. With the patches applied, there is comparable performance. Latencies were generally reduced with the patches applied. 2.6.32-rc6 was particularly crazy with long stalls measured over the duration of the test but has comparable latencies with 2.6.30 with the patches applied. congestion_wait behaviour is more in line with 2.6.30 after the patches with similar amounts of time being spent. In general, 2.6.32-rc6-0012345-adjust-priority waits for longer than 2.6.30 or the reverted kernels did. It also waits in more instances such as inside shrink_inactive_list() where it didn't before. Forcing behaviour like 2.6.30 resulted in good figures but I couldn't justify the patches with anything more solid than "in tests, it behaves well even though it doesn't make a lot of sense" On X86-64, the results I got were 2.6.30-0000000-force-highorder Elapsed:09:48.545 Failures:0 2.6.31-0000000-force-highorder Elapsed:09:13.020 Failures:0 2.6.31-revert-8aa7e847 Elapsed:09:02.120 Failures:0 2.6.31-0000012-pgalloc-2.6.30 Elapsed:08:52.742 Failures:0 2.6.31-0000123-congestion-both Elapsed:08:59.375 Failures:0 2.6.31-0001234-kswapd-quick-recheck Elapsed:09:19.208 Failures:0 2.6.31-0012345-adjust-priority Elapsed:09:39.225 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0000000-force-highorder Elapsed:19:38.585 Failures:5 2.6.32-rc6-revert-8aa7e847 Elapsed:17:21.257 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0000012-pgalloc-2.6.30 Elapsed:18:56.682 Failures:1 2.6.32-rc6-0000123-congestion-both Elapsed:16:08.340 Failures:0 2.6.32-rc6-0001234-kswapd-quick-recheck Elapsed:18:11.200 Failures:7 2.6.32-rc6-0012345-adjust-priority Elapsed:21:33.158 Failures:0 Failures were down and my impression was that it was much harder to cause failures. Performance on mainline is still not as good as 2.6.30. On this particular machine, I was able to force performance to be in line but not with any patch I could justify in the general case. Latencies were slightly reduced by applying the patches against 2.6.31. against 2.6.32-rc6, applying the patches significantly reduced the latencies but they are still significant. I'll continue to investigate what can be done to improve this further. Again, congestion_wait() is more in line with 2.6.30 when the patches are applied. Similarly to X86, almost identical behaviour can be forced by waiting on BLK_ASYNC_BOTH for each caller to congestion_wait() in the reclaim and allocator paths. Bottom line, the patches made triggering allocation failures much harder and in a number of instances and latencies are reduced when the system is under load. I will keep looking around this area - particularly the performance under load on 2.6.32-rc6 but with 2.6.32 almost out the door, I am releasing what I have now. -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/