Date: Mon, 9 May 2011 16:48:22 +0100
From: Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
To: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        Will Deacon <Will.Deacon@arm.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 02/19] ARM: LPAE: add ISBs around MMU enabling code
Message-ID: <20110509154822.GA18959@n2100.arm.linux.org.uk>
References: <1304859098-10760-1-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> <1304859098-10760-3-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com> <20110508214101.GO27807@n2100.arm.linux.org.uk> <1304936539.7658.31.camel@e102109-lin.cambridge.arm.com> <20110509103242.GQ27807@n2100.arm.linux.org.uk> <1304938794.7658.56.camel@e102109-lin.cambridge.arm.com> <20110509120509.GR27807@n2100.arm.linux.org.uk> <1304953316.7658.71.camel@e102109-lin.cambridge.arm.com> <20110509153416.GC16919@n2100.arm.linux.org.uk>
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On Mon, May 09, 2011 at 04:34:16PM +0100, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote:
> On Mon, May 09, 2011 at 04:01:56PM +0100, Catalin Marinas wrote:
> > This doesn't work. From the ARM ARM (B1.3.3):
> > 
> >         The execution state bits are the IT[7:0], J, E, and T bits. In
> >         exception modes you can read or write these bits in the current
> >         SPSR.
> >         In the CPSR, unless the processor is in Debug state:
> >         • The execution state bits, other than the E bit, are RAZ when
> >         read by an MRS instruction.
> > 
> > So reading the CPSR doesn't copy the T and E bits. Of course, we could
> > set them explicitly but I find the ISB much simpler (and in practice we
> > only need it for ARMv7 onwards but adding the ARMv6 in case we have a
> > kernel compiled for both).
> 
> Err.  If that's correct then the Linux kernel is totally broken, and
> that's an incompatible change to the behaviour of the MRS and MSR
> instructions which has gone unnoticed.
> 
> We use "MRS reg, cpsr" for saving the IRQ state in SVC mode and
> "MSR cpsr, reg" to restore the interrupt state.  If the T bit gets
> reset by that, then Thumb kernels can never work.
> 
> What you've just said tells me that our implementation of:
> - arch_local_irq_save()
> - arch_local_save_flags()
> - arch_local_irq_restore()
> won't work because we can't read or write the I and F bits using
> MSR/MRS, even in SVC mode.
> 
> What is the replacement method for doing this?
> 
> If there isn't a replacement method...

And actually, that whole paragraph in the ARM ARM seems to be inconsistent
with other bits of the ARM ARM.  For example:

In the CPSR, unless the processor is in Debug state:
• The execution state bits, other than the E bit, are RAZ when read by
  an MRS instruction.
• Writes to the execution state bits, other than the E bit, by an MSR
  instruction are:
  — For ARMv7 and ARMv6T2, ignored in all modes.
  — For architecture variants before ARMv6T2, ignored in User mode and
    required to write zeros in privileged modes. If a nonzero value is
    written in a privileged mode, behavior is UNPREDICTABLE.

Now, G.5.1 says this about ARMv6 (which is an 'architecture variants before
ARMv6T2'):

ARMv6 and ARMv6K have the following differences:
• Bits[26:25] are RAZ/WI.
• Bits[15:10] are reserved.
• The J and T bits of the CPSR must not be changed when the CPSR is written
  by an MSR instruction, or else the behavior is UNPREDICTABLE. MSR
  instructions exist only in ARM state in these architecture variants, so
  this is equivalent to saying the MSR instructions in privileged modes must
  treat these bits as SBZP. MSR instructions in User mode still ignore
  writes to these bits.

The thing is, if you write zeros into the mode bits from supervisor mode
(as required by B1.3.3), you're going to take the CPU back to 26-bit user
mode, which on many CPUs is an undefined mode.

So I suggest that the ARM ARM B1.3.3 is basically wrong and misleading.
Or if it's right, the architecture is broken as there's no way for
operating systems to save the current interrupt mask state and restore
it later.
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