Return-Path: Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1752516Ab2H3J3x (ORCPT ); Thu, 30 Aug 2012 05:29:53 -0400 Received: from cantor2.suse.de ([195.135.220.15]:44927 "EHLO mx2.suse.de" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1750882Ab2H3J31 (ORCPT ); Thu, 30 Aug 2012 05:29:27 -0400 From: Thomas Renninger To: hpa@zytor.com Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, lenb@kernel.org, robert.moore@intel.com, ming.m.lin@intel.com, initramfs@vger.kernel.org, bigeasy@linutronix.de, vojcek@tlen.pl, eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net, linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org, yinghai@kernel.org, Thomas Renninger Subject: [PATCH 2/2] ACPI: Override arbitrary ACPI tables via initrd for debugging Date: Thu, 30 Aug 2012 11:29:17 +0200 Message-Id: <1346318957-5831-3-git-send-email-trenn@suse.de> X-Mailer: git-send-email 1.7.6.1 In-Reply-To: <1346318957-5831-1-git-send-email-trenn@suse.de> References: <1346318957-5831-1-git-send-email-trenn@suse.de> Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Content-Length: 14900 Lines: 431 Details can be found in: Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt Signed-off-by: Thomas Renninger CC: eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net CC: vojcek@tlen.pl CC: Lin Ming CC: lenb@kernel.org CC: robert.moore@intel.com CC: hpa@zytor.com CC: yinghai@kernel.org --- Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt | 122 ++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/kernel/setup.c | 4 + drivers/acpi/Kconfig | 9 ++ drivers/acpi/osl.c | 200 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-- include/linux/acpi.h | 4 + 5 files changed, 328 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt diff --git a/Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt b/Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22222c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +Overriding ACPI tables via initrd +================================= + +1) Introduction (What is this about) +2) What is this for +3) How does it work +4) References (Where to retrieve userspace tools) + +1) What is this about +--------------------- + +If ACPI_INITRD_TABLE_OVERRIDE compile option is true, it is possible to +override nearly any ACPI table provided by the BIOS with an instrumented, +modified one. + +For a full list of ACPI tables that can be overridden, take a look at +the char *table_sigs[MAX_ACPI_SIGNATURE]; definition in drivers/acpi/osl.c +All ACPI tables iasl (Intel's ACPI compiler and disassembler) knows should +be overridable, except: + - ACPI_SIG_RSDP (has a signature of 6 bytes) + - ACPI_SIG_FACS (does not have an ordinary ACPI table header) +Both could get implemented as well. + + +2) What is this for +------------------- + +Please keep in mind that this is a debug option. +ACPI tables should not get overridden for productive use. +If BIOS ACPI tables are overridden the kernel will get tainted with the +TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE flag. +Complain to your platform/BIOS vendor if you find a bug which is that sever +that a workaround is not accepted in the Linus kernel. + +Still, it can and should be enabled in any kernel, because: + - There is no functional change with not instrumented initrds + - It provides a powerful feature to easily debug and test ACPI BIOS table + compatibility with the Linux kernel. + +Until now it was only possible to override the DSDT by compiling it into +the kernel. This is a nightmare when trying to work on ACPI related bugs +and a lot bugs got stuck because of that. +Even for people with enough kernel knowledge, building a kernel to try out +things is very time consuming. Also people may have to browse and modify the +ACPI interpreter code to find a possible BIOS bug. With this feature, people +can correct the ACPI tables and try out quickly whether this is the root cause +that needs to get addressed in the kernel. + +This could even ease up testing for BIOS providers who could flush their BIOS +to test, but overriding table via initrd is much easier and quicker. +For example one could prepare different initrds overriding NUMA tables with +different affinity settings. Set up a script, let the machine reboot and +run tests over night and one can get a picture how these settings influence +the Linux kernel and which values are best. + +People can instrument the dynamic ACPI (ASL) code (for example with debug +statements showing up in syslog when the ACPI code is processed, etc.), +to better understand BIOS to OS interfaces, to hunt down ACPI BIOS code related +bugs quickly or to easier develop ACPI based drivers. + +Intstrumenting ACPI code in SSDTs is now much easier. Before, one had to copy +all SSDTs into the DSDT to compile it into the kernel for testing +(because only DSDT could get overridden). That's what the acpi_no_auto_ssdt +boot param is for: the BIOS provided SSDTs are ignored and all have to get +copied into the DSDT, complicated and time consuming. + +Much more use cases, depending on which ACPI parts you are working on... + + +3) How does it work +------------------- + +# Extract the machine's ACPI tables: +cd /tmp +acpidump >acpidump +acpixtract -a acpidump +# Disassemble, modify and recompile them: +iasl -d *.dat +# For example add this statement into a _PRT (PCI Routing Table) function +# of the DSDT: +Store("HELLO WORLD", debug) +iasl -sa DSDT.dsl +# Add the raw ACPI tables to an uncompressed cpio archive. +# They must be put into /kernel/firmware/acpi/table[0-9].dat files inside the +# cpio archive. Starting with table0.dat +# The one uncompressed cpio archive and it must be the first. +# Other, typically compressed cpio archives, must be +# concatenated on top of the uncompressed one. +mkdir -p kernel/firmware/acpi +cp DSDT.aml kernel/firmware/acpi/table0.dat +# Add other ACPI tables, the filename's number must increase in order +# A maximum of ten tables (table9.dat) are allowed: +iasl -sa FACP.dsl +iasl -sa SSDT1.dsl +cp FACP.aml kernel/firmware/acpi/table1.dat +cp SSDT1.aml kernel/firmware/acpi/table2.dat +# Create the uncompressed cpio archive and concatenate the orginal initrd +# on top: +find kernel | cpio -H newc --create > /boot/instrumented_initrd +cat /boot/initrd >>/boot/instrumented_initrd +# reboot with increased acpi debug level, e.g. boot params: +acpi.debug_level=0x2 acpi.debug_layer=0xFFFFFFFF +# and check your syslog: +[ 1.268089] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT] +[ 1.272091] [ACPI Debug] String [0x0B] "HELLO WORLD" + +iasl is able to disassemble and recompile quite a lot different, +also static ACPI tables. + +4) Where to retrieve userspace tools +------------------------------------ + +iasl and acpixtract are part of Intel's ACPICA project: +http://acpica.org/ +and should be packaged by distributions (for example in the acpica package +on SUSE). + +acpidump can be found in Len Browns pmtools: +ftp://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/lenb/acpi/utils/pmtools/acpidump +This tool is also part of the acpica package on SUSE. +Alternatively, used ACPI tables can be retrieved via sysfs in latest kernels: +/sys/firmware/acpi/tables diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c index f4b9b80..6a91058 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c @@ -941,6 +941,10 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) reserve_initrd(); +#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_INITRD_TABLE_OVERRIDE + acpi_initrd_override((void *)initrd_start, initrd_end - initrd_start); +#endif + reserve_crashkernel(); vsmp_init(); diff --git a/drivers/acpi/Kconfig b/drivers/acpi/Kconfig index 8099895..a508f77 100644 --- a/drivers/acpi/Kconfig +++ b/drivers/acpi/Kconfig @@ -261,6 +261,15 @@ config ACPI_CUSTOM_DSDT bool default ACPI_CUSTOM_DSDT_FILE != "" +config ACPI_INITRD_TABLE_OVERRIDE + bool + default y + help + This option provides functionality to override arbitrary ACPI tables + via initrd. No functional change if no ACPI tables are passed via + initrd, therefore it's safe to say Y. + See Documentation/acpi/initrd_table_override.txt for details + config ACPI_BLACKLIST_YEAR int "Disable ACPI for systems before Jan 1st this year" if X86_32 default 0 diff --git a/drivers/acpi/osl.c b/drivers/acpi/osl.c index 9eaf708..c549c7d 100644 --- a/drivers/acpi/osl.c +++ b/drivers/acpi/osl.c @@ -534,6 +534,134 @@ acpi_os_predefined_override(const struct acpi_predefined_names *init_val, return AE_OK; } +#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_INITRD_TABLE_OVERRIDE +#include +#include + +#include + +static u64 acpi_tables_addr; +static int all_tables_size; + +/* Copied from acpica/tbutils.c:acpi_tb_checksum() */ +u8 __init acpi_table_checksum(u8 *buffer, u32 length) +{ + u8 sum = 0; + u8 *end = buffer + length; + + while (buffer < end) + sum = (u8) (sum + *(buffer++)); + return sum; +} + +/* All but ACPI_SIG_RSDP and ACPI_SIG_FACS: */ +static const char * const table_sigs[] = { + ACPI_SIG_BERT, ACPI_SIG_CPEP, ACPI_SIG_ECDT, ACPI_SIG_EINJ, + ACPI_SIG_ERST, ACPI_SIG_HEST, ACPI_SIG_MADT, ACPI_SIG_MSCT, + ACPI_SIG_SBST, ACPI_SIG_SLIT, ACPI_SIG_SRAT, ACPI_SIG_ASF, + ACPI_SIG_BOOT, ACPI_SIG_DBGP, ACPI_SIG_DMAR, ACPI_SIG_HPET, + ACPI_SIG_IBFT, ACPI_SIG_IVRS, ACPI_SIG_MCFG, ACPI_SIG_MCHI, + ACPI_SIG_SLIC, ACPI_SIG_SPCR, ACPI_SIG_SPMI, ACPI_SIG_TCPA, + ACPI_SIG_UEFI, ACPI_SIG_WAET, ACPI_SIG_WDAT, ACPI_SIG_WDDT, + ACPI_SIG_WDRT, ACPI_SIG_DSDT, ACPI_SIG_FADT, ACPI_SIG_PSDT, + ACPI_SIG_RSDT, ACPI_SIG_XSDT, ACPI_SIG_SSDT, NULL }; + +/* Non-fatal errors: Affected tables/files are ignored */ +#define INVALID_TABLE(x, name) \ + { pr_err("ACPI OVERRIDE: " x " [%s]\n", name); continue; } + +#define ACPI_HEADER_SIZE sizeof(struct acpi_table_header) + +/* Must not increase 10 or needs code modifcation below */ +#define ACPI_OVERRIDE_TABLES 10 + +void __init acpi_initrd_override(void *data, size_t size) +{ + int sig, no, table_nr = 0, offset = 0; + struct acpi_table_header *table; + char cpio_path[32] = "kernel/firmware/acpi/tableX.dat"; + struct cpio_data file; + struct cpio_data early_initrd_files[ACPI_OVERRIDE_TABLES]; + char *p; + + if (data == NULL) + return; + + for (no = 0; no < ACPI_OVERRIDE_TABLES; no++) { + cpio_path[26] = '0' + no; + printk(KERN_DEBUG "ACPI override: Trying to find %s\n", + cpio_path); + file = find_cpio_data(cpio_path, data, size); + if (!file.data) + break; + + if (file.size < sizeof(struct acpi_table_header)) + INVALID_TABLE("Table smaller than ACPI header", + cpio_path); + + table = file.data; + + for (sig = 0; table_sigs[sig]; sig++) + if (!memcmp(table->signature, table_sigs[sig], 4)) + break; + + if (!table_sigs[sig]) + INVALID_TABLE("Unknown signature", cpio_path); + if (file.size != table->length) + INVALID_TABLE("File length does not match table length", + cpio_path); + if (acpi_table_checksum(file.data, table->length)) + INVALID_TABLE("Bad table checksum", cpio_path); + + pr_info("%4.4s ACPI table found in initrd [%s][0x%x]\n", + table->signature, cpio_path, table->length); + + all_tables_size += table->length; + early_initrd_files[table_nr].data = file.data; + early_initrd_files[table_nr].size = file.size; + table_nr++; + } + if (table_nr == 0) + return; + + acpi_tables_addr = + memblock_find_in_range(0, max_low_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT, + all_tables_size, PAGE_SIZE); + if (!acpi_tables_addr) { + WARN_ON(1); + return; + } + /* + * Only calling e820_add_reserve does not work and the + * tables are invalid (memory got used) later. + * memblock_x86_reserve_range works as expected and the tables + * won't get modified. But it's not enough because ioremap will + * complain later (used by acpi_os_map_memory) that the pages + * that should get mapped are not marked "reserved". + * Both memblock_x86_reserve_range and e820_add_region works fine. + */ + memblock_reserve(acpi_tables_addr, acpi_tables_addr + all_tables_size); + e820_add_region(acpi_tables_addr, all_tables_size, E820_ACPI); + update_e820(); + p = early_ioremap(acpi_tables_addr, all_tables_size); + + for (no = 0; no < table_nr; no++) { + memcpy(p + offset, early_initrd_files[no].data, + early_initrd_files[no].size); + offset += early_initrd_files[no].size; + } + early_iounmap(p, all_tables_size); +} +#endif /* CONFIG_ACPI_INITRD_TABLE_OVERRIDE */ + +static void acpi_table_taint(struct acpi_table_header *table) +{ + pr_warn(PREFIX + "Override [%4.4s-%8.8s], this is unsafe: tainting kernel\n", + table->signature, table->oem_table_id); + add_taint(TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE); +} + acpi_status acpi_os_table_override(struct acpi_table_header * existing_table, struct acpi_table_header ** new_table) @@ -547,24 +675,74 @@ acpi_os_table_override(struct acpi_table_header * existing_table, if (strncmp(existing_table->signature, "DSDT", 4) == 0) *new_table = (struct acpi_table_header *)AmlCode; #endif - if (*new_table != NULL) { - printk(KERN_WARNING PREFIX "Override [%4.4s-%8.8s], " - "this is unsafe: tainting kernel\n", - existing_table->signature, - existing_table->oem_table_id); - add_taint(TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE); - } + if (*new_table != NULL) + acpi_table_taint(existing_table); return AE_OK; } acpi_status acpi_os_physical_table_override(struct acpi_table_header *existing_table, - acpi_physical_address * new_address, - u32 *new_table_length) + acpi_physical_address *address, + u32 *table_length) { - return AE_SUPPORT; -} +#ifndef CONFIG_ACPI_INITRD_TABLE_OVERRIDE + *table_length = 0; + *address = 0; + return AE_OK; +#else + int table_offset = 0; + struct acpi_table_header *table; + + *table_length = 0; + *address = 0; + + if (!acpi_tables_addr) + return AE_OK; + + do { + if (table_offset + ACPI_HEADER_SIZE > all_tables_size) { + WARN_ON(1); + return AE_OK; + } + + table = acpi_os_map_memory(acpi_tables_addr + table_offset, + ACPI_HEADER_SIZE); + if (table_offset + table->length > all_tables_size) { + acpi_os_unmap_memory(table, ACPI_HEADER_SIZE); + WARN_ON(1); + return AE_OK; + } + + table_offset += table->length; + + if (memcmp(existing_table->signature, table->signature, 4)) { + acpi_os_unmap_memory(table, + ACPI_HEADER_SIZE); + continue; + } + + /* Only override tables with matching oem id */ + if (memcmp(table->oem_table_id, existing_table->oem_table_id, + ACPI_OEM_TABLE_ID_SIZE)) { + acpi_os_unmap_memory(table, + ACPI_HEADER_SIZE); + continue; + } + + table_offset -= table->length; + *table_length = table->length; + acpi_os_unmap_memory(table, ACPI_HEADER_SIZE); + *address = acpi_tables_addr + table_offset; + add_taint(TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE); + break; + } while (table_offset + ACPI_HEADER_SIZE < all_tables_size); + + if (*address != 0) + acpi_table_taint(existing_table); + return AE_OK; +#endif +} static irqreturn_t acpi_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { diff --git a/include/linux/acpi.h b/include/linux/acpi.h index 4f2a762..87e2c9e 100644 --- a/include/linux/acpi.h +++ b/include/linux/acpi.h @@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ typedef int (*acpi_table_handler) (struct acpi_table_header *table); typedef int (*acpi_table_entry_handler) (struct acpi_subtable_header *header, const unsigned long end); +#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_INITRD_TABLE_OVERRIDE +void __init acpi_initrd_override(void *data, size_t size); +#endif + char * __acpi_map_table (unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long size); void __acpi_unmap_table(char *map, unsigned long size); int early_acpi_boot_init(void); -- 1.7.6.1 -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/