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Subject: Re: [PATCH Part2 RFC v4 09/40] x86/fault: Add support to dump RMP
 entry on fault
To:     Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>, x86@kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-efi@vger.kernel.org, platform-driver-x86@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-coco@lists.linux.dev, linux-mm@kvack.org,
        linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
Cc:     Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>,
        Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>, Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
        Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>,
        Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>,
        Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>,
        Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
        Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>, Peter Gonda <pgonda@google.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
        Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>,
        Dov Murik <dovmurik@linux.ibm.com>,
        Tobin Feldman-Fitzthum <tobin@ibm.com>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
        Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>, tony.luck@intel.com,
        npmccallum@redhat.com, brijesh.ksingh@gmail.com
References: <20210707183616.5620-1-brijesh.singh@amd.com>
 <20210707183616.5620-10-brijesh.singh@amd.com>
 <cb9e3890-9642-f254-2fe7-30621e686844@intel.com>
 <0d19eb84-f2b7-aa24-2fe9-19035b49fbd6@amd.com>
From:   Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
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Message-ID: <15d5e954-0383-fe0e-e8c1-3e9f8b0ef8ff@intel.com>
Date:   Thu, 8 Jul 2021 08:30:03 -0700
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On 7/8/21 8:02 AM, Brijesh Singh wrote:
...
>>> +    pgd = __va(read_cr3_pa());
>>> +    pgd += pgd_index(address);
>>> +
>>> +    pte = lookup_address_in_pgd(pgd, address, &level);
>>> +    if (unlikely(!pte))
>>> +        return;
>>
>> It's a little annoying this is doing *another* separate page walk.
>> Don't we already do this for dumping the page tables themselves at oops
>> time?
> 
> Yes, we already do the walk in oops function, I'll extend the
> dump_rmpentry() to use the level from the oops to avoid the duplicate walk.

I was even thinking that you could use the pmd/pte entries that come
from the walk in dump_pagetable().

BTW, I think the snp_lookup_page_in_rmptable() interface is probably
wrong.  It takes a 'struct page':

+struct rmpentry *snp_lookup_page_in_rmptable(struct page *page, int *level)

but then immediately converts it to a paddr:

> +	unsigned long phys = page_to_pfn(page) << PAGE_SHIFT;

If you just had it take a paddr, you wouldn't have to mess with all of
this pfn_valid() and phys_to_page() error checking.

>>> +    case PG_LEVEL_2M: {
>>> +        pfn = pmd_pfn(*(pmd_t *)pte);
>>> +        break;
>>> +    }
>>> +    case PG_LEVEL_1G: {
>>> +        pfn = pud_pfn(*(pud_t *)pte);
>>> +        break;
>>> +    }
>>> +    case PG_LEVEL_512G: {
>>> +        pfn = p4d_pfn(*(p4d_t *)pte);
>>> +        break;
>>> +    }
>>> +    default:
>>> +        return;
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +    e = snp_lookup_page_in_rmptable(pfn_to_page(pfn), &level);
>>
>> So, lookup_address_in_pgd() looks to me like it will return pretty
>> random page table entries as long as the entry isn't
>> p{gd,4d,ud,md,te}_none().  It can certainly return !p*_present()
>> entries.  Those are *NOT* safe to call pfn_to_page() on.
>>
> 
> I will add some checks to make sure that we are accessing only safe pfn's.

Or fix the snp_lookup_page_in_rmptable() interface, please.

>>> +    if (rmpentry_assigned(e)) {
>>> +        pr_alert("RMPEntry paddr 0x%lx [assigned=%d immutable=%d
>>> pagesize=%d gpa=0x%lx"
>>> +            " asid=%d vmsa=%d validated=%d]\n", pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
>>> +            rmpentry_assigned(e), rmpentry_immutable(e),
>>> rmpentry_pagesize(e),
>>> +            rmpentry_gpa(e), rmpentry_asid(e), rmpentry_vmsa(e),
>>> +            rmpentry_validated(e));
>>> +
>>> +        pr_alert("RMPEntry paddr 0x%lx %016llx %016llx\n", pfn <<
>>> PAGE_SHIFT,
>>> +            e->high, e->low);
>>
>> Could you please include an entire oops in the changelog that also
>> includes this information?  It would be really nice if this was at least
>> consistent in style to the stuff around it.
> 
> Here is one example: (in this case page was immutable and HV attempted
> to write to it).
> 
> BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffff98c78ee00000
> #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
> #PF: error_code(0x80000003) - rmp violation

Let's capitalize "RMP" here, please.

> PGD 304b201067 P4D 304b201067 PUD 20c7f06063 PMD 20c8976063 PTE
> 80000020cee00163
> RMPEntry paddr 0x20cee00000 [assigned=1 immutable=1 pagesize=0 gpa=0x0
> asid=0 vmsa=0 validated=0]
> RMPEntry paddr 0x20cee00000 000000000000000f 8000000000000ffd

That's a good example, thanks!

But, it does make me think that we shouldn't be spitting out
"immutable".  Should we call it "readonly" or something so that folks
have a better chance of figuring out what's wrong?  Even better, should
we be looking specifically for X86_PF_RMP *and* immutable=1 and spitting
out something in english about it?

This also *looks* to be spitting out the same "RMPEntry paddr
0x20cee00000" more than once.  Maybe we should just indent the extra
entries instead of repeating things.  The high/low are missing a "0x"
prefix, they also don't have any kind of text label.

>> Also, how much of this stuff like rmpentry_asid() is duplicated in the
>> "raw" dump of e->high and e->low?
> 
> Most of the rmpentry_xxx assessors read the e->low. The RMP entry is a
> 16-bytes. AMD APM defines only a few bits and keeps everything else
> reserved. We are in the process of updating APM to document few more
> bits. I am not adding assessors for the undocumented fields. Until then,
> we dump the entire 16-bytes.
> 
> I agree that we are duplicating the information. I can live with just a
> raw dump. That means anyone who is debugging the crash will look at the
> APM to decode the fields.

I actually really like processing the fields.  I think it's a good
investment to make the error messages as self-documenting as possible
and not require the poor souls who are decoding oopses to also keep each
vendor's architecture manuals at hand.

>> This also needs a comment about *WHY* this case is looking at a 2MB
>> region.
>>
> 
> Actually the comment above says why we are looking for the 2MB region.
> Let me rearrange the comment block so that its more clear.
> 
> The reason for iterating through 2MB region is; if the faulting address
> is not assigned in the RMP table, and page table walk level is 2MB then
> one of entry within the large page is the root cause of the fault. Since
> we don't know which entry hence I dump all the non-zero entries.

Logically you can figure this out though, right?  Why throw 511 entries
at the console when we *know* they're useless?

>>> +        pfn_end = pfn + PTRS_PER_PMD;
>>> +
>>> +        while (pfn < pfn_end) {
>>> +            e = snp_lookup_page_in_rmptable(pfn_to_page(pfn), &level);
>>> +
>>> +            if (unlikely(!e))
>>> +                return;
>>> +
>>> +            if (e->low || e->high)
>>> +                pr_alert("RMPEntry paddr 0x%lx: %016llx %016llx\n",
>>> +                    pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, e->high, e->low);
>>
>> Why does this dump "raw" RMP entries while the above stuff filters them
>> through a bunch of helper macros?
> 
> There are two cases which we need to consider:
> 
> 1) the faulting page is a guest private (aka assigned)
> 2) the faulting page is a hypervisor (aka shared)
> 
> We will be primarily seeing #1. In this case, we know its a assigned
> page, and we can decode the fields.
> 
> The #2 will happen in rare conditions,

What rare conditions?

> if it happens, one of the undocumented bit in the RMP entry can
> provide us some useful information hence we dump the raw values.
You're saying that there are things that can cause RMP faults that
aren't documented?  That's rather nasty for your users, don't you think?

I'd be fine if you want to define a mask of unknown bits and spit out to
the users that some unknown bits are set.