After running make menuconfig to choose a very simple
kernel (.config is below), make bzImage failed with
the following output. My environment information is
below.
------M A K E------
$ make bzImage
HOSTCC scripts/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/split-include
HOSTCC scripts/conmakehash
HOSTCC scripts/docproc
HOSTCC scripts/kallsyms
CC scripts/empty.o
HOSTCC scripts/mk_elfconfig
MKELF scripts/elfconfig.h
HOSTCC scripts/file2alias.o
HOSTCC scripts/modpost.o
HOSTLD scripts/modpost
HOSTCC scripts/pnmtologo
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.h
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/mconf.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
HOSTCC -fPIC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
HOSTLLD -shared scripts/kconfig/libkconfig.so
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf
./scripts/kconfig/conf -s arch/i386/Kconfig
boolean symbol BINFMT_ZFLAT tested for 'm'? test
forced to 'n'
#
# using defaults found in .config
#
SPLIT include/linux/autoconf.h -> include/config/*
CC arch/i386/kernel/asm-offsets.s
CHK include/asm-i386/asm_offsets.h
UPD include/asm-i386/asm_offsets.h
CC init/main.o
CHK include/linux/compile.h
UPD include/linux/compile.h
CC init/version.o
CC init/do_mounts.o
CC init/do_mounts_rd.o
LD init/mounts.o
CC init/initramfs.o
LD init/built-in.o
HOSTCC usr/gen_init_cpio
CPIO usr/initramfs_data.cpio
GZIP usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz
AS usr/initramfs_data.o
/tmp/ccdNnIMg.s: Assembler messages:
/tmp/ccdNnIMg.s:7: Error: Unknown pseudo-op:
`.incbin'
make[1]: *** [usr/initramfs_data.o] Error 1
make: *** [usr] Error 2
------E N V I R O N M E N T------
$ gcc -v
Reading specs from
/home/trent/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/i686-pc-linux-gnu/3.2.2/specs
Configured with: ./configure --prefix=/home/trent/gcc
--infodir=/home/trent/info --mandir=/home/trent/man
--enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-haifa
--enable-languages=c,gcov,c++,objc,java,f77
--enable-long-long --enable-namespaces
--enable-multilib --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld
--with-system-zlib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.2.2
$ ./ver_linux
If some fields are empty or look unusual you may have
an old version.
Compare to the current minimal requirements in
Documentation/Changes.
Linux trent 2.4.9-13 #1 Tue Oct 30 20:11:04 EST 2001
i686 unknown
Gnu C 2.96
Gnu make 3.79.1
binutils 2.11.90.0.8
util-linux 2.11f
mount 2.11g
module-init-tools 2.4.6
e2fsprogs 1.26
reiserfsprogs 3.x.0j
pcmcia-cs 3.1.22
quota-tools 3.01.
PPP 2.4.1
isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1
nfs-utils 0.3.1
Linux C Library 2.2.4
Dynamic linker (ldd) 2.2.4
Procps 2.0.7
Net-tools 1.60
Console-tools 0.3.3
Sh-utils 2.0.11
Modules Loaded i810_audio ac97_codec soundcore
binfmt_misc iscsi nfs nfsd lockd sunrpc autofs 3c59x
appletalk ipx ide-scsi ide-cd cdrom aic7xxx sd_mod
scsi_mod
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 2
model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.00GHz
stepping : 4
cpu MHz : 1993.956
cache size : 512 KB
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 2
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8
apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi
mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss tm
bogomips : 3971.48
$ cat /proc/modules
i810_audio 17552 2 (autoclean)
ac97_codec 9504 0 (autoclean)
[i810_audio]
soundcore 4464 2 (autoclean)
[i810_audio]
binfmt_misc 6448 1
iscsi 33200 0 (unused)
nfs 79872 6 (autoclean)
nfsd 71232 8 (autoclean)
lockd 53168 1 (autoclean) [nfs
nfsd]
sunrpc 64816 1 (autoclean) [nfs nfsd
lockd]
autofs 11584 5 (autoclean)
3c59x 26496 1
appletalk 20912 0 (autoclean)
ipx 16416 0 (autoclean)
ide-scsi 8320 0
ide-cd 27072 0
cdrom 28544 0 [ide-cd]
aic7xxx 114672 2
sd_mod 11680 2
scsi_mod 98432 4 [iscsi ide-scsi
aic7xxx sd_mod]
$ uname -a
Linux trent 2.4.9-13 #1 Tue Oct 30 20:11:04 EST 2001
i686 unknown
------. C O N F I G------
#
# Automatically generated make config: don't edit
#
CONFIG_X86=y
CONFIG_MMU=y
CONFIG_UID16=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA=y
#
# Code maturity level options
#
# CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL is not set
#
# General setup
#
CONFIG_SWAP=y
CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y
# CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT is not set
CONFIG_SYSCTL=y
CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT=14
# CONFIG_EMBEDDED is not set
CONFIG_KALLSYMS=y
CONFIG_FUTEX=y
CONFIG_EPOLL=y
CONFIG_IOSCHED_AS=y
CONFIG_IOSCHED_DEADLINE=y
#
# Loadable module support
#
# CONFIG_MODULES is not set
#
# Processor type and features
#
CONFIG_X86_PC=y
# CONFIG_X86_VOYAGER is not set
# CONFIG_X86_NUMAQ is not set
# CONFIG_X86_SUMMIT is not set
# CONFIG_X86_BIGSMP is not set
# CONFIG_X86_VISWS is not set
# CONFIG_X86_GENERICARCH is not set
# CONFIG_X86_ES7000 is not set
CONFIG_M386=y
# CONFIG_M486 is not set
# CONFIG_M586 is not set
# CONFIG_M586TSC is not set
# CONFIG_M586MMX is not set
# CONFIG_M686 is not set
# CONFIG_MPENTIUMII is not set
# CONFIG_MPENTIUMIII is not set
# CONFIG_MPENTIUM4 is not set
# CONFIG_MK6 is not set
# CONFIG_MK7 is not set
# CONFIG_MK8 is not set
# CONFIG_MELAN is not set
# CONFIG_MCRUSOE is not set
# CONFIG_MWINCHIPC6 is not set
# CONFIG_MWINCHIP2 is not set
# CONFIG_MWINCHIP3D is not set
# CONFIG_MCYRIXIII is not set
# CONFIG_MVIAC3_2 is not set
CONFIG_X86_GENERIC=y
CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT=7
CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK=y
CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE=y
CONFIG_X86_F00F_BUG=y
CONFIG_X86_INTEL_USERCOPY=y
# CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE is not set
# CONFIG_SMP is not set
# CONFIG_PREEMPT is not set
# CONFIG_X86_UP_APIC is not set
# CONFIG_X86_MCE is not set
# CONFIG_TOSHIBA is not set
# CONFIG_I8K is not set
# CONFIG_MICROCODE is not set
# CONFIG_X86_MSR is not set
# CONFIG_X86_CPUID is not set
CONFIG_NOHIGHMEM=y
# CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G is not set
# CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G is not set
CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION=y
# CONFIG_MTRR is not set
#
# Power management options (ACPI, APM)
#
# CONFIG_PM is not set
#
# ACPI Support
#
CONFIG_ACPI=y
CONFIG_ACPI_BOOT=y
CONFIG_ACPI_AC=y
CONFIG_ACPI_BATTERY=y
CONFIG_ACPI_BUTTON=y
CONFIG_ACPI_FAN=y
CONFIG_ACPI_PROCESSOR=y
CONFIG_ACPI_THERMAL=y
# CONFIG_ACPI_ASUS is not set
# CONFIG_ACPI_TOSHIBA is not set
CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG=y
CONFIG_ACPI_BUS=y
CONFIG_ACPI_INTERPRETER=y
CONFIG_ACPI_EC=y
CONFIG_ACPI_POWER=y
CONFIG_ACPI_PCI=y
CONFIG_ACPI_SYSTEM=y
#
# CPU Frequency scaling
#
# CONFIG_CPU_FREQ is not set
#
# Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, MCA, ISA)
#
CONFIG_PCI=y
# CONFIG_PCI_GOBIOS is not set
# CONFIG_PCI_GODIRECT is not set
CONFIG_PCI_GOANY=y
CONFIG_PCI_BIOS=y
CONFIG_PCI_DIRECT=y
# CONFIG_PCI_LEGACY_PROC is not set
# CONFIG_PCI_NAMES is not set
CONFIG_ISA=y
CONFIG_EISA=y
# CONFIG_EISA_VLB_PRIMING is not set
CONFIG_EISA_PCI_EISA=y
# CONFIG_EISA_VIRTUAL_ROOT is not set
# CONFIG_EISA_NAMES is not set
# CONFIG_MCA is not set
# CONFIG_SCx200 is not set
# CONFIG_HOTPLUG is not set
#
# Executable file formats
#
CONFIG_KCORE_ELF=y
# CONFIG_KCORE_AOUT is not set
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_AOUT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y
#
# Generic Driver Options
#
# CONFIG_FW_LOADER is not set
#
# Memory Technology Devices (MTD)
#
# CONFIG_MTD is not set
#
# Parallel port support
#
# CONFIG_PARPORT is not set
#
# Plug and Play support
#
CONFIG_PNP=y
CONFIG_PNP_NAMES=y
# CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG is not set
#
# Protocols
#
#
# Block devices
#
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_FD=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_XD is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_CPQ_DA is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_CPQ_CISS_DA is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DAC960 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE=16384
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set
# CONFIG_LBD is not set
#
# ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support
#
CONFIG_IDE=y
#
# IDE, ATA and ATAPI Block devices
#
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE=y
#
# Please see Documentation/ide.txt for help/info on
IDE drives
#
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD_IDE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDISK=y
CONFIG_IDEDISK_MULTI_MODE=y
# CONFIG_IDEDISK_STROKE is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECD=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEFLOPPY is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_TASK_IOCTL is not set
#
# IDE chipset support/bugfixes
#
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CMD640=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CMD640_ENHANCED is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEPNP is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEPCI=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_GENERIC=y
CONFIG_IDEPCI_SHARE_IRQ=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_OFFBOARD is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_FORCED is not set
CONFIG_IDEDMA_PCI_AUTO=y
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_ONLYDISK is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ADMA=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_AEC62XX is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ALI15X3 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_AMD74XX is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CMD64X is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_TRIFLEX is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CY82C693 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HPT34X is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HPT366 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SC1200 is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_PIIX=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NS87415 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_PDC202XX_OLD is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_PDC202XX_NEW is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RZ1000=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SVWKS is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SIIMAGE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SIS5513 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SLC90E66 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_TRM290 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_VIA82CXXX is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_CHIPSETS is not set
CONFIG_IDEDMA_AUTO=y
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_IVB is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_MODES=y
#
# SCSI device support
#
# CONFIG_SCSI is not set
#
# Old CD-ROM drivers (not SCSI, not IDE)
#
# CONFIG_CD_NO_IDESCSI is not set
#
# Multi-device support (RAID and LVM)
#
# CONFIG_MD is not set
#
# Fusion MPT device support
#
#
# I2O device support
#
# CONFIG_I2O is not set
#
# Networking support
#
# CONFIG_NET is not set
#
# Amateur Radio support
#
# CONFIG_HAMRADIO is not set
#
# ISDN subsystem
#
#
# Telephony Support
#
# CONFIG_PHONE is not set
#
# Input device support
#
CONFIG_INPUT=y
#
# Userland interfaces
#
# CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_JOYDEV is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_TSDEV is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_EVDEV is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_EVBUG is not set
#
# Input I/O drivers
#
# CONFIG_GAMEPORT is not set
CONFIG_SOUND_GAMEPORT=y
CONFIG_SERIO=y
CONFIG_SERIO_I8042=y
# CONFIG_SERIO_SERPORT is not set
# CONFIG_SERIO_CT82C710 is not set
# CONFIG_SERIO_PCIPS2 is not set
#
# Input Device Drivers
#
CONFIG_INPUT_KEYBOARD=y
CONFIG_KEYBOARD_ATKBD=y
# CONFIG_KEYBOARD_SUNKBD is not set
# CONFIG_KEYBOARD_XTKBD is not set
# CONFIG_KEYBOARD_NEWTON is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSE is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_JOYSTICK is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_TOUCHSCREEN is not set
# CONFIG_INPUT_MISC is not set
#
# Character devices
#
CONFIG_VT=y
CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE=y
CONFIG_HW_CONSOLE=y
# CONFIG_SERIAL_NONSTANDARD is not set
#
# Serial drivers
#
#
# Non-8250 serial port support
#
# CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS is not set
#
# I2C support
#
# CONFIG_I2C is not set
#
# I2C Hardware Sensors Mainboard support
#
#
# I2C Hardware Sensors Chip support
#
# CONFIG_I2C_SENSOR is not set
#
# Mice
#
# CONFIG_BUSMOUSE is not set
# CONFIG_QIC02_TAPE is not set
#
# IPMI
#
# CONFIG_IPMI_HANDLER is not set
#
# Watchdog Cards
#
# CONFIG_WATCHDOG is not set
# CONFIG_HW_RANDOM is not set
# CONFIG_NVRAM is not set
# CONFIG_RTC is not set
# CONFIG_GEN_RTC is not set
# CONFIG_DTLK is not set
# CONFIG_R3964 is not set
# CONFIG_APPLICOM is not set
#
# Ftape, the floppy tape device driver
#
# CONFIG_FTAPE is not set
# CONFIG_AGP is not set
# CONFIG_DRM is not set
# CONFIG_MWAVE is not set
# CONFIG_RAW_DRIVER is not set
# CONFIG_HANGCHECK_TIMER is not set
#
# Multimedia devices
#
# CONFIG_VIDEO_DEV is not set
#
# File systems
#
CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y
CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR=y
# CONFIG_EXT2_FS_POSIX_ACL is not set
# CONFIG_EXT2_FS_SECURITY is not set
# CONFIG_EXT3_FS is not set
# CONFIG_JBD is not set
CONFIG_FS_MBCACHE=y
# CONFIG_REISERFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_JFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_XFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_MINIX_FS=y
# CONFIG_ROMFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_QUOTA is not set
# CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS is not set
#
# CD-ROM/DVD Filesystems
#
CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=y
CONFIG_JOLIET=y
# CONFIG_ZISOFS is not set
CONFIG_UDF_FS=y
#
# DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems
#
CONFIG_FAT_FS=y
CONFIG_MSDOS_FS=y
CONFIG_VFAT_FS=y
# CONFIG_NTFS_FS is not set
#
# Pseudo filesystems
#
CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
# CONFIG_TMPFS is not set
CONFIG_RAMFS=y
#
# Miscellaneous filesystems
#
# CONFIG_CRAMFS is not set
# CONFIG_VXFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_HPFS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_QNX4FS_FS is not set
# CONFIG_SYSV_FS is not set
# CONFIG_UFS_FS is not set
#
# Partition Types
#
CONFIG_PARTITION_ADVANCED=y
# CONFIG_ACORN_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_OSF_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_AMIGA_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_ATARI_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_MAC_PARTITION is not set
CONFIG_MSDOS_PARTITION=y
# CONFIG_BSD_DISKLABEL is not set
# CONFIG_MINIX_SUBPARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_SOLARIS_X86_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_UNIXWARE_DISKLABEL is not set
CONFIG_LDM_PARTITION=y
# CONFIG_LDM_DEBUG is not set
# CONFIG_NEC98_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_SGI_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_ULTRIX_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_SUN_PARTITION is not set
# CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION is not set
CONFIG_NLS=y
#
# Native Language Support
#
CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT="iso8859-1"
CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_437=y
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_737 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_775 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_850 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_852 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_855 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_857 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_860 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_861 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_862 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_863 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_864 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_865 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_866 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_869 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_936 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_950 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_932 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_949 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_874 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_8 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_1250 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_CODEPAGE_1251 is not set
CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_1=y
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_2 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_3 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_4 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_5 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_6 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_7 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_9 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_13 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_14 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_ISO8859_15 is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_KOI8_R is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_KOI8_U is not set
# CONFIG_NLS_UTF8 is not set
#
# Graphics support
#
# CONFIG_FB is not set
# CONFIG_VIDEO_SELECT is not set
#
# Console display driver support
#
CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE=y
# CONFIG_MDA_CONSOLE is not set
CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE=y
#
# Sound
#
# CONFIG_SOUND is not set
#
# USB support
#
# CONFIG_USB is not set
#
# Kernel hacking
#
# CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL is not set
# CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK_SLEEP is not set
# CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER is not set
#
# Security options
#
# CONFIG_SECURITY is not set
#
# Cryptographic options
#
# CONFIG_CRYPTO is not set
#
# Library routines
#
# CONFIG_CRC32 is not set
CONFIG_X86_BIOS_REBOOT=y
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On Fri, Aug 08, 2003 at 09:43:37AM -0700, Ian Hoffman wrote:
>...
> AS usr/initramfs_data.o
> /tmp/ccdNnIMg.s: Assembler messages:
> /tmp/ccdNnIMg.s:7: Error: Unknown pseudo-op:
> `.incbin'
> make[1]: *** [usr/initramfs_data.o] Error 1
> make: *** [usr] Error 2
>...
> binutils 2.11.90.0.8
>...
You need binutils >= 2.12 (this is also stated in
Documentation/Changes).
cu
Adrian
--
"Is there not promise of rain?" Ling Tan asked suddenly out
of the darkness. There had been need of rain for many days.
"Only a promise," Lao Er said.
Pearl S. Buck - Dragon Seed