Kexec base hibernation has some potential advantages over uswsusp and
TuxOnIce (suspend2). Some most obvious advantages are:
1. The hibernation image size can exceed half of memory size easily.
2. The hibernation image can be written to and read from almost
anywhere, such as USB disk, NFS.
3. It is possible to eliminate freezer from kexec based hibernation
implementation.
4. Based on kexec/kdump implementation, the kernel code needed is
less.
This patch set implements the kexec based hibernation. The kernel
functionality added are as follow:
1. Jumping between the kexeced kernel and the original kernel. This is
used by hibernation to save/load necessary state in original kernel
and jumping back to original kernel after restore the memory of
original kernel.
2. Add writing support to /dev/oldmem. This is used by hibernation to
restore the memory of original kernel.
The hibernation procedure with the patch set is as follow:
1. Boot a kernel A
2. Work under kernel A
3. Kexec another kernel B (crash dump enabled) in kernel A.
4. Save the memory image of kernel A through crash dump (such as "cp
/proc/vmcore ~"). Save the "jump back entry".
5. Shutdown or reboot
The restore process with the patch set is as follow:
1. Boot a kernel C (crash dump enabled), the memory area used by
kernel C must be a subset of memory area used by kernel B.
2. Restore the memory image of kernel A through /dev/oldmem. Restore
the "jump back entry".
3. Jump from kernel C back to kernel A
4. Continue work under kernel A
The following user-space tools are needed to implement hibernation and
restore.
1. kexec-tools needs to be patched to support kexec jump. The patches
and the precompiled kexec can be download from the following URL:
source: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_20070920/kexec-tools/kexec-tools-src_20070920.tar.gz
patches: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_20070920/kexec-tools/kexec-tools-patches_20070920.tar.gz
binary: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_20070920/kexec-tools/kexec_20070920.tar.gz
2. Memory image saving tool. Currently, the memory image saving is
done through: "cp /proc/vmcore <image file>". This will save all
memory pages of original kernel including the free pages. Maybe the
crash dump tool "makedumpfile" can be used for this, but it has not
been tested.
3. Memory image restore tool. A simplest memory image restoring tool
named "krestore" is implemented. It can be downloaded from the
following URL:
source: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_20070920/krestore/krestore-src_20070920.tar.gz
binary: http://khibernation.sourceforge.net/download/release_20070920/krestore/krestore_20070920.tar.gz
Known issues:
1. The CONFIG_ACPI must be turned off to make kexec jump work. Because
ACPI will put devices into low power state, the kexeced kernel can
not be booted properly under it. This constrains can be eliminated
by separating the suspend method and hibernate method of the
devices as proposed earlier in the LKML.
2. The setup of hibernation/restore is fairly complex. I will continue
working on simplifying.
3. Memory pages including free pages of kernel A are saved. I think
the "makedumpfile" tool can be used to exclude "free pages", but I
have not tested it.
Now, only the i386 architecture is supported. The patch is based on
Linux kernel 2.6.23-rc6-mm1, and has been tested on my IBM T42.
Usage:
1. Compile kernel with following options selected:
CONFIG_X86_32=y
CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y # not needed strictly, but it is more convenient with it
CONFIG_KEXEC=y
CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y # only needed by kexeced kernel to save/restore memory image
CONFIG_PM=y
CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP=y
2. Download the kexec-tools-testing git tree, apply the kexec-tools
kjump patches (or download the source tar ball directly) and
compile.
3. Download and compile the krestore tool.
4. Prepare 2 root partition used by kernel A and kernel B/C, referred
as /dev/hda, /dev/hdb in following text. This is not strictly
necessary, I use this scheme for testing during development.
5. Boot kernel compiled for normal usage (kernal A).
6. Load kernel compiled for hibernating/restore usage (kernel B) with
kexec, the same kernel as that of 5 can be used if
CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y and CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y are selected.
The --elf64-core-headers should be specified in command line of
kexec, because only the 64bit ELF is supported by krestore tool.
For example, the shell command line can be as follow:
kexec -p -n /boot/bzImage --mem-min=0x100000 --mem-max=0xffffff
--elf64-core-headers --append="root=/dev/hdb single"
7. Jump to the hibernating kernel (kernel B) with following shell
command line:
kexec -j
8. In the hibernating kernel (kernel B), the memory image of
hibernated kernel (kernel A) can be saved as follow:
cp /proc/vmcore .
cp /sys/kernel/kexec_jump_back_entry .
9. Shutdown or reboot in hibernating kernel (kernel B).
10. Boot kernel (kernel C) compiled for hibernating/restore usage on
the root file system /dev/hdb in memory range of kernel B.
For example, the following kernel command line parameters can be
used:
root=/dev/hdb single memmap=exactmap memmap=640K@0K memmap=15M@1M
11. In restore kernel (kernel C), the memory image of kernel A can be
restored as follow:
cp kexec_jump_back_entry /sys/kernel/kexec_jump_back_entry
krestore vmcore
12. Jump back to hibernated kernel (kernel A)
kexec -b
Best Regards,
Huang Ying
Am Donnerstag, 20. September 2007 07:34 schrieb Huang, Ying:
> The hibernation procedure with the patch set is as follow:
>
> 1. Boot a kernel A
>
> 2. Work under kernel A
>
> 3. Kexec another kernel B (crash dump enabled) in kernel A.
>From a short glance over current Linus' arch/i386/kernel/machine_kexec.c,
memory for the crash dump kernel B still needs to be reserved statically when
booting A.
This is one of the biggest issues with kexec based hibernation. For the
typical notebook user, it is totally unacceptable to reserve 16 megabytes of
memory just to be able to suspend to disk. And given the fact that current
distribution kernels are quite modular and require early module loading, even
more memory might be needed.
IMHO, a plan how to fix this must exist or the concept of kexec based
hibernation is a waste of time.
Stefan
On Fri, 2007-09-21 at 10:43 +0200, Stefan Rompf wrote:
> Am Donnerstag, 20. September 2007 07:34 schrieb Huang, Ying:
>
> > The hibernation procedure with the patch set is as follow:
> >
> > 1. Boot a kernel A
> >
> > 2. Work under kernel A
> >
> > 3. Kexec another kernel B (crash dump enabled) in kernel A.
>
> From a short glance over current Linus' arch/i386/kernel/machine_kexec.c,
> memory for the crash dump kernel B still needs to be reserved statically when
> booting A.
>
> This is one of the biggest issues with kexec based hibernation. For the
> typical notebook user, it is totally unacceptable to reserve 16 megabytes of
> memory just to be able to suspend to disk. And given the fact that current
> distribution kernels are quite modular and require early module loading, even
> more memory might be needed.
>
> IMHO, a plan how to fix this must exist or the concept of kexec based
> hibernation is a waste of time.
This issue has been resolved. The implementation method details in
another mail with title as follow:
[RFC][PATCH 1/2 -mm] kexec based hibernation -v3: kexec jump
Best Regards,
Huang Ying
> Usage:
>
> 1. Compile kernel with following options selected:
>
> CONFIG_X86_32=y
> CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y # not needed strictly, but it is more convenient with it
> CONFIG_KEXEC=y
> CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y # only needed by kexeced kernel to save/restore memory image
> CONFIG_PM=y
> CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP=y
>
> 2. Download the kexec-tools-testing git tree, apply the kexec-tools
> kjump patches (or download the source tar ball directly) and
> compile.
>
> 3. Download and compile the krestore tool.
>
> 4. Prepare 2 root partition used by kernel A and kernel B/C, referred
> as /dev/hda, /dev/hdb in following text. This is not strictly
> necessary, I use this scheme for testing during development.
>
> 5. Boot kernel compiled for normal usage (kernal A).
>
> 6. Load kernel compiled for hibernating/restore usage (kernel B) with
> kexec, the same kernel as that of 5 can be used if
> CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y and CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y are selected.
>
> The --elf64-core-headers should be specified in command line of
> kexec, because only the 64bit ELF is supported by krestore tool.
>
> For example, the shell command line can be as follow:
>
> kexec -p -n /boot/bzImage --mem-min=0x100000 --mem-max=0xffffff
> --elf64-core-headers --append="root=/dev/hdb single"
>
> 7. Jump to the hibernating kernel (kernel B) with following shell
> command line:
>
> kexec -j
>
> 8. In the hibernating kernel (kernel B), the memory image of
> hibernated kernel (kernel A) can be saved as follow:
>
> cp /proc/vmcore .
> cp /sys/kernel/kexec_jump_back_entry .
>
Here we save also kernel B's pages.
> 9. Shutdown or reboot in hibernating kernel (kernel B).
>
> 10. Boot kernel (kernel C) compiled for hibernating/restore usage on
> the root file system /dev/hdb in memory range of kernel B.
>
> For example, the following kernel command line parameters can be
> used:
>
> root=/dev/hdb single memmap=exactmap memmap=640K@0K memmap=15M@1M
>
0-640K from kernel A overrides 0-640K of kernel C at restore time.
> 11. In restore kernel (kernel C), the memory image of kernel A can be
> restored as follow:
>
> cp kexec_jump_back_entry /sys/kernel/kexec_jump_back_entry
> krestore vmcore
>
>
This steps replaces kernel C's pages with kernel B's (at least 15m-16m),
saved at step 8, so these kernels should be equal? Or they must be
physically located in non-overlapping regions such that C is in B's
memory range but non-overlapping. The proposed setup doesn't guaratee
this afaics.
> 12. Jump back to hibernated kernel (kernel A)
>
> kexec -b
>
> Best Regards,
> Huang Ying
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>
>
--Mika