* PATCHSET INTRODUCTION
patch 1: Documentation.
patch 2: Adds a numa=possible=<N> command line option to set an additional N nodes
as being possible for memory hotplug.
patch 3: Add node hotplug emulation, introduce debugfs node/add_node interface
patch 4: Abstract cpu register functions, make these interface friend for cpu
hotplug emulation
patch 5: Support cpu probe/release in x86, it provide a software method to hot
add/remove cpu with sysfs interface.
patch 6: Fake CPU socket with logical CPU on x86, to prevent the scheduling
domain to build the incorrect hierarchy.
patch 7: Implement mem_hotplug/add_memory debugfs interface
* FEEDBACKDS & RESPONSES
v7:
David: We don't need two different interfaces, one in sysfs and one in debugfs,
to hotplug memory.
Response: We use the debugfs for memory hotplug emulation only, for sysfs memory probe
interface, we did not do any modifications, so we remove original patch 7
from patchset.
David: Suggest new probe files in debugfs for each online node:
/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/add_node (already exists)
/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/node0/add_memory
/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/node1/add_memory
Response: We need not make a simple thing such complicated, We'd prefer to
rename the mem_hotplug/probe interface as mem_hotplug/add_memory.
/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/add_node (already exists)
/sys/kernel/debug/mem_hotplug/add_memory (rename probe as add_memory)
v6:
Greg KH: Suggest to use interface mem_hotplug/add_node
David: Agree with Greg's suggestion
Response: We move the interface from node/add_node to mem_hotplug/add_node, and we also move
memory/probe interface to mem_hotplug/probe since both are related to memory hotplug.
Kletnieks Valdis: suggest to renumber the patch serie, and move patch 8/8 to patch 1/8.
Response: Move patch 8/8 to patch 1/8, and we will include the full description in 0/8 when
we send patches in future.
v5:
David: Suggests to use a flexible method to to do node hotplug emulation. After
review our 2 versions emulator implemetations, David provides a better solution
to solve both the flexibility and memory wasting issue.
Add numa=possible=<N> command line option, provide sysfs inteface
/sys/devices/system/node/add_node interface, and move the inteface to debugfs
/sys/kernel/debug/hotplug/add_node after hearing the voice from community.
Greg KH: move the interface from hotplug/add_node to node/add_node
Response: Accept David's node=possible=<n> command line options. After talking
with David, he agree to add his patch to our patchset, thanks David's solution(patch 1).
David's original interface /sys/kernel/debug/hotplug/add_node is not so clear for
node hotplug emulation, we accept Greg's suggestion, move the interface to ndoe/add_node
(patch 2)
Dave Hansen: For memory hotplug, Dave reminds Greg KH's advice, suggest us to use configfs replace
sysfs. After Dave knows that it is just for test purpose, Dave thinks debugfs should
be the best.
Response: memory probe sysfs interface already exists, I'd like to still keep it, and extend it
to support memory add on a specified node(patch 6).
We accepts Dave's suggestion, implement memory probe interface with debugfs(patch 7).
Randy Dunlap: Correct many grammatical errors in our documentation(patch 8).
Response: Thanks for Randy's careful review, we already correct them.
v4:
Split CPU hotplug emulation code since David has send a patchset for node hotplug emulation.
v3 & v2:
1) Patch 0
Balbir & Greg: Suggest to use tool git/quilt to manage/send the patchset.
Response: Thanks for the recommendation, With help from Fengguang, I get quilt
working, it is a great tool.
2) Patch 2
Jaswinder Singh: if (hidden_num) is not required in patch 2
Response: good catching, it is removed in v2.
3) Patch 3
Dave Hansen: Suggest to create a dedicated sysfs file for each possible node.
Greg: How big would this "list" be? What will it look like exactly?
Haicheng: It should follow "one value per file". It intends to show acceptable
parameters.
For example, if we have 4 fake offlined nodes, like node 2-5, then:
$ cat /sys/devices/system/node/probe
2-5
Then user hotadds node3 to system:
$ echo 3 > /sys/devices/system/node/probe
$ cat /sys/devices/system/node/probe
2,4-5
Greg: As you are trying to add a new sysfs file, please create the matching
Documentation/ABI/ file as well.
Response: We miss it, and we already add it in v2.
Patch 4 & 5:
Paul Mundt: This looks like an incredibly painful interface. How about scrapping all
of this _emu() mess and just reworking the register_cpu() interface?
Response: accept Paul's suggestion, and remove the cpu _emu functions.
Patch 7:
Dave Hansen: If we're going to put multiple values into the file now and
add to the ABI, can we be more explicit about it?
echo "physical_address=0x40000000 numa_node=3" > memory/probe
Response: Dave's new interface was accpeted, and more we still keep the old
format for compatibility. We documented the these interfaces into
Documentation/ABI in v2.
Greg: suggest to use configfs replace for the memory probe interface
Andi: This is a debugging interface. It doesn't need to have the
most pretty interface in the world, because it will be only used for
QA by a few people. it's just a QA interface, not the next generation
of POSIX.
Response: We still keep it as sysfs interface since node/cpu/memory probe interface
are all in sysfs, we can create another group of patches to support
configfs if we have this strong requirement in future.
v1:
the RFC version for NUMA Hotplug Emulator.
* WHAT IS HOTPLUG EMULATOR
NUMA hotplug emulator is collectively named for the hotplug emulation
it is able to emulate NUMA Node Hotplug thru a pure software way. It
intends to help people easily debug and test node/cpu/memory hotplug
related stuff on a none-NUMA-hotplug-support machine, even an UMA machine.
The emulator provides mechanism to emulate the process of physcial cpu/mem
hotadd, it provides possibility to debug CPU and memory hotplug on the machines
without NUMA support for kenrel developers. It offers an interface for cpu
and memory hotplug test purpose.
* WHY DO WE USE HOTPLUG EMULATOR
We are focusing on the hotplug emualation for a few months. The emualor helps
team to reproduce all the major hotplug bugs. It plays an important role to
the hotplug code quality assuirance. Because of the hotplug emulator, we already
move most of the debug working to virtual evironment.
* Principles & Usages
NUMA hotplug emulator include 3 different parts: node/CPU/memory hotplug emulation.
1) Node hotplug emulation:
Adds a numa=possible=<N> command line option to set an additional N nodes as
being possible for memory hotplug. This set of possible nodes control
nr_node_ids and the sizes of several dynamically allocated node arrays.
This allows memory hotplug to create new nodes for newly added memory
rather than binding it to existing nodes.
For emulation on x86, it would be possible to set aside memory for hotplugged
nodes (say, anything above 2G) and to add an additional four nodes as being
possible on boot with
mem=2G numa=possible=4
and then creating a new 128M node at runtime:
# echo 128M@0x80000000 > /sys/kernel/debug/node/add_node
On node 1 totalpages: 0
init_memory_mapping: 0000000080000000-0000000088000000
0080000000 - 0088000000 page 2M
Once the new node has been added, its memory can be onlined. If this
memory represents memory section 16, for example:
# echo online > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory16/state
Built 2 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 514846
Policy zone: Normal
[ The memory section(s) mapped to a particular node are visible via
/sys/devices/system/node/node1, in this example. ]
2) CPU hotplug emulation:
The emulator reserve CPUs throu grub parameter, the reserved CPUs can be
hot-add/hot-remove in software method.
When hotplug a CPU with emulator, we are using a logical CPU to emulate the CPU
hotplug process. For the CPU supported SMT, some logical CPUs are in the same
socket, but it may located in different NUMA node after we have emulator. We
put the logical CPU into a fake CPU socket, and assign it an unique
phys_proc_id. For the fake socket, we put one logical CPU in only.
- to hide CPUs
- Using boot option "maxcpus=N" hide CPUs
N is the number of initialize CPUs
- Using boot option "cpu_hpe=on" to enable cpu hotplug emulation
when cpu_hpe is enabled, the rest CPUs will not be initialized
- to hot-add CPU to node
# echo nid > cpu/probe
- to hot-remove CPU
# echo nid > cpu/release
3) Memory hotplug emulation:
The emulator reserves memory before OS boots, the reserved memory region is
removed from e820 table, and they can be hot-added via the
mem_hoplug/add_memory debugfs interface. This interface supports to add memory
to the specified node.
The difficulty of Memory Release is well-known, we have no plan for it until now.
- reserve memory thru a kernel boot paramter
mem=1024m
- add a memory section to node 3
# echo 0x40000000,3 > mem_hotplug/add_memory
OR
# echo 1024m,3 > mem_hotplug/add_memory
OR
# echo "physical_address=0x40000000 numa_node=3" > mem_hotplug/add_memory
* ACKNOWLEDGMENT
NUMA Hotplug Emulator includes a team's efforts, thanks all of them.
They are:
Andi Kleen, Haicheng Li, Shaohui Zheng, Fengguang Wu, David Rientjes and
Yongkang You
--
Thanks & Regards,
Shaohui