In the context of the idle task and an adaptive-tick mode/or a nohz_full
CPU, quiet_vmstat() can be called: before stopping the idle tick,
entering an idle state and on exit. In particular, for the latter case,
when the idle task is required to reschedule, the idle tick can remain
stopped and the timer expiration time endless i.e., KTIME_MAX. Now,
indeed before a nohz_full CPU enters an idle state, CPU-specific vmstat
counters should be processed to ensure the respective values have been
reset and folded into the zone specific 'vm_stat[]'. That being said, it
can only occur when: the idle tick was previously stopped, and
reprogramming of the timer is not required.
A customer provided some evidence which indicates that the idle tick was
stopped; albeit, CPU-specific vmstat counters still remained populated.
Thus one can only assume quiet_vmstat() was not invoked on return to the
idle loop.
If I understand correctly, I suspect this divergence might erroneously
prevent a reclaim attempt by kswapd. If the number of zone specific free
pages are below their per-cpu drift value then
zone_page_state_snapshot() is used to compute a more accurate view of
the aforementioned statistic. Thus any task blocked on the NUMA node
specific pfmemalloc_wait queue will be unable to make significant
progress via direct reclaim unless it is killed after being woken up by
kswapd (see throttle_direct_reclaim()).
Consider the following theoretical scenario:
1. CPU Y migrated running task A to CPU X that was
in an idle state i.e. waiting for an IRQ - not
polling; marked the current task on CPU X to
need/or require a reschedule i.e., set
TIF_NEED_RESCHED and invoked a reschedule IPI to
CPU X (see sched_move_task())
2. CPU X acknowledged the reschedule IPI from CPU Y;
generic idle loop code noticed the
TIF_NEED_RESCHED flag against the idle task and
attempts to exit of the loop and calls the main
scheduler function i.e. __schedule().
Since the idle tick was previously stopped no
scheduling-clock tick would occur.
So, no deferred timers would be handled
3. Post transition to kernel execution Task A
running on CPU Y, indirectly released a few pages
(e.g. see __free_one_page()); CPU Y's
'vm_stat_diff[NR_FREE_PAGES]' was updated and zone
specific 'vm_stat[]' update was deferred as per the
CPU-specific stat threshold
4. Task A does invoke exit(2) and the kernel does
remove the task from the run-queue; the idle task
was selected to execute next since there are no
other runnable tasks assigned to the given CPU
(see pick_next_task() and pick_next_task_idle())
5. On return to the idle loop since the idle tick
was already stopped and can remain so (see [1]
below) e.g. no pending soft IRQs, no attempt is
made to zero and fold CPU Y's vmstat counters
since reprogramming of the scheduling-clock tick
is not required/or needed (see [2])
...
do_idle
{
__current_set_polling()
tick_nohz_idle_enter()
while (!need_resched()) {
local_irq_disable()
...
/* No polling or broadcast event */
cpuidle_idle_call()
{
if (cpuidle_not_available(drv, dev)) {
tick_nohz_idle_stop_tick()
__tick_nohz_idle_stop_tick(this_cpu_ptr(&tick_cpu_sched))
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id()
if (ts->timer_expires_base)
expires = ts->timer_expires
else if (can_stop_idle_tick(cpu, ts))
(1) -------> expires = tick_nohz_next_event(ts, cpu)
else
return
ts->idle_calls++
if (expires > 0LL) {
tick_nohz_stop_tick(ts, cpu)
{
if (ts->tick_stopped && (expires == ts->next_tick)) {
(2) -------> if (tick == KTIME_MAX || ts->next_tick ==
hrtimer_get_expires(&ts->sched_timer))
return
}
...
}
So the idea of with this patch is to ensure refresh_cpu_vm_stats(false) is
called, when it is appropriate, on return to the idle loop when the idle
tick was previously stopped too. Additionally, in the context of
nohz_full, when the scheduling-tick is stopped and before exiting
to user-mode, ensure no CPU-specific vmstat differentials remain.
Signed-off-by: Aaron Tomlin <[email protected]>
---
include/linux/tick.h | 5 +++--
kernel/time/tick-sched.c | 19 ++++++++++++++++++-
2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/tick.h b/include/linux/tick.h
index bfd571f18cfd..a2bbd6d32e33 100644
--- a/include/linux/tick.h
+++ b/include/linux/tick.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
#include <linux/context_tracking_state.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
-#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS
extern void __init tick_init(void);
@@ -272,6 +271,7 @@ static inline void tick_dep_clear_signal(struct signal_struct *signal,
extern void tick_nohz_full_kick_cpu(int cpu);
extern void __tick_nohz_task_switch(void);
+void __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void);
extern void __init tick_nohz_full_setup(cpumask_var_t cpumask);
#else
static inline bool tick_nohz_full_enabled(void) { return false; }
@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ static inline void tick_dep_clear_signal(struct signal_struct *signal,
static inline void tick_nohz_full_kick_cpu(int cpu) { }
static inline void __tick_nohz_task_switch(void) { }
+static inline void __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void) { }
static inline void tick_nohz_full_setup(cpumask_var_t cpumask) { }
#endif
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ static inline void tick_nohz_task_switch(void)
static inline void tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void)
{
if (tick_nohz_full_cpu(smp_processor_id()))
- rcu_nocb_flush_deferred_wakeup();
+ __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare();
}
#endif
diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-sched.c b/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
index 30049580cd62..7f75fc1bba46 100644
--- a/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
#include <linux/posix-timers.h>
#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <asm/irq_regs.h>
@@ -519,6 +520,20 @@ void __tick_nohz_task_switch(void)
}
}
+void __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void)
+{
+ struct tick_sched *ts;
+
+ if (tick_nohz_full_cpu(smp_processor_id())) {
+ ts = this_cpu_ptr(&tick_cpu_sched);
+
+ if (ts->tick_stopped)
+ quiet_vmstat();
+ rcu_nocb_flush_deferred_wakeup();
+ }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare);
+
/* Get the boot-time nohz CPU list from the kernel parameters. */
void __init tick_nohz_full_setup(cpumask_var_t cpumask)
{
@@ -890,6 +905,9 @@ static void tick_nohz_stop_tick(struct tick_sched *ts, int cpu)
ts->do_timer_last = 0;
}
+ /* Attempt to fold when the idle tick is stopped or not */
+ quiet_vmstat();
+
/* Skip reprogram of event if its not changed */
if (ts->tick_stopped && (expires == ts->next_tick)) {
/* Sanity check: make sure clockevent is actually programmed */
@@ -911,7 +929,6 @@ static void tick_nohz_stop_tick(struct tick_sched *ts, int cpu)
*/
if (!ts->tick_stopped) {
calc_load_nohz_start();
- quiet_vmstat();
ts->last_tick = hrtimer_get_expires(&ts->sched_timer);
ts->tick_stopped = 1;
--
2.37.1
On Mon, Aug 08, 2022 at 08:48:20PM +0100, Aaron Tomlin wrote:
> In the context of the idle task and an adaptive-tick mode/or a nohz_full
> CPU, quiet_vmstat() can be called: before stopping the idle tick,
> entering an idle state and on exit. In particular, for the latter case,
> when the idle task is required to reschedule, the idle tick can remain
> stopped and the timer expiration time endless i.e., KTIME_MAX. Now,
> indeed before a nohz_full CPU enters an idle state, CPU-specific vmstat
> counters should be processed to ensure the respective values have been
> reset and folded into the zone specific 'vm_stat[]'. That being said, it
> can only occur when: the idle tick was previously stopped, and
> reprogramming of the timer is not required.
>
> A customer provided some evidence which indicates that the idle tick was
> stopped; albeit, CPU-specific vmstat counters still remained populated.
> Thus one can only assume quiet_vmstat() was not invoked on return to the
> idle loop.
>
> If I understand correctly, I suspect this divergence might erroneously
> prevent a reclaim attempt by kswapd. If the number of zone specific free
> pages are below their per-cpu drift value then
> zone_page_state_snapshot() is used to compute a more accurate view of
> the aforementioned statistic. Thus any task blocked on the NUMA node
> specific pfmemalloc_wait queue will be unable to make significant
> progress via direct reclaim unless it is killed after being woken up by
> kswapd (see throttle_direct_reclaim()).
>
> Consider the following theoretical scenario:
>
> 1. CPU Y migrated running task A to CPU X that was
> in an idle state i.e. waiting for an IRQ - not
> polling; marked the current task on CPU X to
> need/or require a reschedule i.e., set
> TIF_NEED_RESCHED and invoked a reschedule IPI to
> CPU X (see sched_move_task())
>
> 2. CPU X acknowledged the reschedule IPI from CPU Y;
> generic idle loop code noticed the
> TIF_NEED_RESCHED flag against the idle task and
> attempts to exit of the loop and calls the main
> scheduler function i.e. __schedule().
>
> Since the idle tick was previously stopped no
> scheduling-clock tick would occur.
> So, no deferred timers would be handled
>
> 3. Post transition to kernel execution Task A
> running on CPU Y, indirectly released a few pages
> (e.g. see __free_one_page()); CPU Y's
> 'vm_stat_diff[NR_FREE_PAGES]' was updated and zone
> specific 'vm_stat[]' update was deferred as per the
> CPU-specific stat threshold
>
> 4. Task A does invoke exit(2) and the kernel does
> remove the task from the run-queue; the idle task
> was selected to execute next since there are no
> other runnable tasks assigned to the given CPU
> (see pick_next_task() and pick_next_task_idle())
>
> 5. On return to the idle loop since the idle tick
> was already stopped and can remain so (see [1]
> below) e.g. no pending soft IRQs, no attempt is
> made to zero and fold CPU Y's vmstat counters
> since reprogramming of the scheduling-clock tick
> is not required/or needed (see [2])
>
> ...
> do_idle
> {
>
> __current_set_polling()
> tick_nohz_idle_enter()
>
> while (!need_resched()) {
>
> local_irq_disable()
>
> ...
>
> /* No polling or broadcast event */
> cpuidle_idle_call()
> {
>
> if (cpuidle_not_available(drv, dev)) {
> tick_nohz_idle_stop_tick()
> __tick_nohz_idle_stop_tick(this_cpu_ptr(&tick_cpu_sched))
> {
> int cpu = smp_processor_id()
>
> if (ts->timer_expires_base)
> expires = ts->timer_expires
> else if (can_stop_idle_tick(cpu, ts))
> (1) -------> expires = tick_nohz_next_event(ts, cpu)
> else
> return
>
> ts->idle_calls++
>
> if (expires > 0LL) {
>
> tick_nohz_stop_tick(ts, cpu)
> {
>
> if (ts->tick_stopped && (expires == ts->next_tick)) {
> (2) -------> if (tick == KTIME_MAX || ts->next_tick ==
> hrtimer_get_expires(&ts->sched_timer))
> return
> }
> ...
> }
>
> So the idea of with this patch is to ensure refresh_cpu_vm_stats(false) is
> called, when it is appropriate, on return to the idle loop when the idle
> tick was previously stopped too. Additionally, in the context of
> nohz_full, when the scheduling-tick is stopped and before exiting
> to user-mode, ensure no CPU-specific vmstat differentials remain.
>
> Signed-off-by: Aaron Tomlin <[email protected]>
> ---
> include/linux/tick.h | 5 +++--
> kernel/time/tick-sched.c | 19 ++++++++++++++++++-
> 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/tick.h b/include/linux/tick.h
> index bfd571f18cfd..a2bbd6d32e33 100644
> --- a/include/linux/tick.h
> +++ b/include/linux/tick.h
> @@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
> #include <linux/context_tracking_state.h>
> #include <linux/cpumask.h>
> #include <linux/sched.h>
> -#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS
> extern void __init tick_init(void);
> @@ -272,6 +271,7 @@ static inline void tick_dep_clear_signal(struct signal_struct *signal,
>
> extern void tick_nohz_full_kick_cpu(int cpu);
> extern void __tick_nohz_task_switch(void);
> +void __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void);
> extern void __init tick_nohz_full_setup(cpumask_var_t cpumask);
> #else
> static inline bool tick_nohz_full_enabled(void) { return false; }
> @@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ static inline void tick_dep_clear_signal(struct signal_struct *signal,
>
> static inline void tick_nohz_full_kick_cpu(int cpu) { }
> static inline void __tick_nohz_task_switch(void) { }
> +static inline void __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void) { }
> static inline void tick_nohz_full_setup(cpumask_var_t cpumask) { }
> #endif
>
> @@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ static inline void tick_nohz_task_switch(void)
> static inline void tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void)
> {
> if (tick_nohz_full_cpu(smp_processor_id()))
> - rcu_nocb_flush_deferred_wakeup();
> + __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare();
> }
>
> #endif
> diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-sched.c b/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
> index 30049580cd62..7f75fc1bba46 100644
> --- a/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
> +++ b/kernel/time/tick-sched.c
> @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
> #include <linux/posix-timers.h>
> #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
> #include <linux/mm.h>
> +#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
>
> #include <asm/irq_regs.h>
>
> @@ -519,6 +520,20 @@ void __tick_nohz_task_switch(void)
> }
> }
>
> +void __tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare(void)
> +{
> + struct tick_sched *ts;
> +
> + if (tick_nohz_full_cpu(smp_processor_id())) {
> + ts = this_cpu_ptr(&tick_cpu_sched);
> +
> + if (ts->tick_stopped)
> + quiet_vmstat();
> + rcu_nocb_flush_deferred_wakeup();
> + }
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__tick_nohz_user_enter_prepare);
> +
> /* Get the boot-time nohz CPU list from the kernel parameters. */
> void __init tick_nohz_full_setup(cpumask_var_t cpumask)
> {
> @@ -890,6 +905,9 @@ static void tick_nohz_stop_tick(struct tick_sched *ts, int cpu)
> ts->do_timer_last = 0;
> }
>
> + /* Attempt to fold when the idle tick is stopped or not */
> + quiet_vmstat();
> +
> /* Skip reprogram of event if its not changed */
> if (ts->tick_stopped && (expires == ts->next_tick)) {
> /* Sanity check: make sure clockevent is actually programmed */
> @@ -911,7 +929,6 @@ static void tick_nohz_stop_tick(struct tick_sched *ts, int cpu)
> */
> if (!ts->tick_stopped) {
> calc_load_nohz_start();
> - quiet_vmstat();
>
> ts->last_tick = hrtimer_get_expires(&ts->sched_timer);
> ts->tick_stopped = 1;
> --
> 2.37.1
Aaron,
It is also necessary to remove the delayed_work_pending check from
quiet_vmstat:
@@ -1987,10 +1970,7 @@ void quiet_vmstat(void)
if (system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING)
return;
- if (!delayed_work_pending(this_cpu_ptr(&vmstat_work)))
- return;
-
- if (!need_update(smp_processor_id()))
+ if (!__this_cpu_read(vmstat_dirty))
return;
Because, consider the following situation:
vmstat_shepherd CPU nohz_full CPU
vmstat_dirty = false
enter nohz_full
return to userspace
check vmstat_dirty, unset,
delayed work cancelled.
dirties per-CPU vmstats
vmstat_dirty = true
return to userspace
(quiet_vmstat will skip
clearing stats because
delayed work was not queued).
On Tue 2022-08-16 15:11 -0300, Marcelo Tosatti wrote:
> Aaron,
>
> It is also necessary to remove the delayed_work_pending check from
> quiet_vmstat:
>
> @@ -1987,10 +1970,7 @@ void quiet_vmstat(void)
> if (system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING)
> return;
>
> - if (!delayed_work_pending(this_cpu_ptr(&vmstat_work)))
> - return;
> -
> - if (!need_update(smp_processor_id()))
> + if (!__this_cpu_read(vmstat_dirty))
> return;
>
>
> Because, consider the following situation:
>
>
> vmstat_shepherd CPU nohz_full CPU
>
>
> vmstat_dirty = false
> enter nohz_full
> return to userspace
> check vmstat_dirty, unset,
> delayed work cancelled.
> dirties per-CPU vmstats
> vmstat_dirty = true
> return to userspace
> (quiet_vmstat will skip
> clearing stats because
> delayed work was not queued).
Hi Marcelo,
Yes, I agree - the above scenario can occur.
Kind regards,
--
Aaron Tomlin