2023-10-24 18:04:14

by George Kennedy

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: [PATCH v2] mlx5: fix init stage error handling to avoid double free of same QP and UAF

In the unlikely event that workqueue allocation fails and returns
NULL in mlx5_mkey_cache_init(), delete the call to
mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup() (which frees the QP) in
mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init(). This will avoid attempted
double free of the same QP when __mlx5_ib_add() does its cleanup.

Syzkaller reported a UAF in ib_destroy_qp_user

workqueue: Failed to create a rescuer kthread for wq "mkey_cache": -EINTR
infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_mkey_cache_init:981:(pid 1642):
failed to create work queue
infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init:4075:(pid 1642):
mr cache init failed -12
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810da310a8 by task repro_upstream/1642

Call Trace:
<TASK>
kasan_report (mm/kasan/report.c:590)
ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
__mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4178)
mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
...
</TASK>

Allocated by task 1642:
__kmalloc (./include/linux/kasan.h:198 mm/slab_common.c:1026
mm/slab_common.c:1039)
create_qp (./include/linux/slab.h:603 ./include/linux/slab.h:720
./include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:2795 drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1209)
ib_create_qp_kernel (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1347)
mlx5r_umr_resource_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:164)
mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4070)
__mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
...

Freed by task 1642:
__kmem_cache_free (mm/slub.c:1826 mm/slub.c:3809 mm/slub.c:3822)
ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2112)
mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4076
drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4065)
__mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
...

The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88810da31000
which belongs to the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048
The buggy address is located 168 bytes inside of
freed 2048-byte region [ffff88810da31000, ffff88810da31800)

The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
page:000000003b5e469d refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000
index:0x0 pfn:0x10da30
head:000000003b5e469d order:3 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0
pincount:0
flags: 0x17ffffc0000840(slab|head|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
page_type: 0xffffffff()
raw: 0017ffffc0000840 ffff888100042f00 ffffea0004180800 dead000000000002
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000080008 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected

Memory state around the buggy address:
ffff88810da30f80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
ffff88810da31000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
>ffff88810da31080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
^
ffff88810da31100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
ffff88810da31180: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
==================================================================
Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint

Fixes: 04876c12c19e ("RDMA/mlx5: Move init and cleanup of UMR to umr.c")
Reported-by: syzkaller <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: George Kennedy <[email protected]>
---
v2: went with fix suggested by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>

drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c | 4 +---
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
index 555629b7..5d963ab 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
@@ -4071,10 +4071,8 @@ static int mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init(struct mlx5_ib_dev *dev)
return ret;

ret = mlx5_mkey_cache_init(dev);
- if (ret) {
+ if (ret)
mlx5_ib_warn(dev, "mr cache init failed %d\n", ret);
- mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup(dev);
- }
return ret;
}

--
1.8.3.1


2023-10-25 00:16:08

by Qing Huang

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: RE: [PATCH v2] mlx5: fix init stage error handling to avoid double free of same QP and UAF


> -----Original Message-----
> From: George Kennedy <[email protected]>
> Sent: Tuesday, October 24, 2023 11:02 AM
> To: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; linux-
> [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
> Cc: George Kennedy <[email protected]>; Tom Hromatka
> <[email protected]>; Harshit Mogalapalli
> <[email protected]>
> Subject: [PATCH v2] mlx5: fix init stage error handling to avoid double free of
> same QP and UAF
>
> In the unlikely event that workqueue allocation fails and returns NULL in
> mlx5_mkey_cache_init(), delete the call to
> mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup() (which frees the QP) in
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init(). This will avoid attempted double free of
> the same QP when __mlx5_ib_add() does its cleanup.
>


Hi George,

There seems no cleanup function defined for this stage:

STAGE_CREATE(MLX5_IB_STAGE_POST_IB_REG_UMR,
mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init,
NULL),

Do you know where __mlx5_ib_add() does the double free call after the allocation failure?

Regards,
Qing

> Syzkaller reported a UAF in ib_destroy_qp_user
>
> workqueue: Failed to create a rescuer kthread for wq "mkey_cache": -EINTR
> infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_mkey_cache_init:981:(pid 1642):
> failed to create work queue
> infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init:4075:(pid 1642):
> mr cache init failed -12
> ==================================================================
> BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ib_destroy_qp_user
> (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
> Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810da310a8 by task repro_upstream/1642
>
> Call Trace:
> <TASK>
> kasan_report (mm/kasan/report.c:590)
> ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
> mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
> __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4178)
> mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> ...
> </TASK>
>
> Allocated by task 1642:
> __kmalloc (./include/linux/kasan.h:198 mm/slab_common.c:1026
> mm/slab_common.c:1039)
> create_qp (./include/linux/slab.h:603 ./include/linux/slab.h:720
> ./include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:2795 drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1209)
> ib_create_qp_kernel (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1347)
> mlx5r_umr_resource_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:164)
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4070)
> __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
> mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> ...
>
> Freed by task 1642:
> __kmem_cache_free (mm/slub.c:1826 mm/slub.c:3809 mm/slub.c:3822)
> ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2112)
> mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4076
> drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4065)
> __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
> mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> ...
>
> The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88810da31000 which belongs to
> the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048 The buggy address is located 168 bytes inside
> of freed 2048-byte region [ffff88810da31000, ffff88810da31800)
>
> The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
> page:000000003b5e469d refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000
> index:0x0 pfn:0x10da30
> head:000000003b5e469d order:3 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0
> pincount:0
> flags: 0x17ffffc0000840(slab|head|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
> page_type: 0xffffffff()
> raw: 0017ffffc0000840 ffff888100042f00 ffffea0004180800
> dead000000000002
> raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000080008 00000001ffffffff
> 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
>
> Memory state around the buggy address:
> ffff88810da30f80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
> ffff88810da31000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> >ffff88810da31080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> ^
> ffff88810da31100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> ffff88810da31180: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> ==================================================================
> Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
>
> Fixes: 04876c12c19e ("RDMA/mlx5: Move init and cleanup of UMR to umr.c")
> Reported-by: syzkaller <[email protected]>
> Suggested-by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: George Kennedy <[email protected]>
> ---
> v2: went with fix suggested by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>
>
> drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c | 4 +---
> 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> b/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> index 555629b7..5d963ab 100644
> --- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> +++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> @@ -4071,10 +4071,8 @@ static int
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init(struct mlx5_ib_dev *dev)
> return ret;
>
> ret = mlx5_mkey_cache_init(dev);
> - if (ret) {
> + if (ret)
> mlx5_ib_warn(dev, "mr cache init failed %d\n", ret);
> - mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup(dev);
> - }
> return ret;
> }
>
> --
> 1.8.3.1

2023-10-25 08:35:21

by Leon Romanovsky

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] mlx5: fix init stage error handling to avoid double free of same QP and UAF

On Wed, Oct 25, 2023 at 12:15:36AM +0000, Qing Huang wrote:
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: George Kennedy <[email protected]>
> > Sent: Tuesday, October 24, 2023 11:02 AM
> > To: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; linux-
> > [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
> > Cc: George Kennedy <[email protected]>; Tom Hromatka
> > <[email protected]>; Harshit Mogalapalli
> > <[email protected]>
> > Subject: [PATCH v2] mlx5: fix init stage error handling to avoid double free of
> > same QP and UAF
> >
> > In the unlikely event that workqueue allocation fails and returns NULL in
> > mlx5_mkey_cache_init(), delete the call to
> > mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup() (which frees the QP) in
> > mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init(). This will avoid attempted double free of
> > the same QP when __mlx5_ib_add() does its cleanup.
> >
>
>
> Hi George,
>
> There seems no cleanup function defined for this stage:
>
> STAGE_CREATE(MLX5_IB_STAGE_POST_IB_REG_UMR,
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init,
> NULL),
>
> Do you know where __mlx5_ib_add() does the double free call after the allocation failure?

It is done in MLX5_IB_STAGE_PRE_IB_REG_UMR. Unfortunately, we have
asymmetric init/release flow for UMRs.

Thanks

>
> Regards,
> Qing
>
> > Syzkaller reported a UAF in ib_destroy_qp_user
> >
> > workqueue: Failed to create a rescuer kthread for wq "mkey_cache": -EINTR
> > infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_mkey_cache_init:981:(pid 1642):
> > failed to create work queue
> > infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init:4075:(pid 1642):
> > mr cache init failed -12
> > ==================================================================
> > BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ib_destroy_qp_user
> > (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
> > Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810da310a8 by task repro_upstream/1642
> >
> > Call Trace:
> > <TASK>
> > kasan_report (mm/kasan/report.c:590)
> > ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
> > mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
> > __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4178)
> > mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> > ...
> > </TASK>
> >
> > Allocated by task 1642:
> > __kmalloc (./include/linux/kasan.h:198 mm/slab_common.c:1026
> > mm/slab_common.c:1039)
> > create_qp (./include/linux/slab.h:603 ./include/linux/slab.h:720
> > ./include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:2795 drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1209)
> > ib_create_qp_kernel (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1347)
> > mlx5r_umr_resource_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:164)
> > mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4070)
> > __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
> > mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> > ...
> >
> > Freed by task 1642:
> > __kmem_cache_free (mm/slub.c:1826 mm/slub.c:3809 mm/slub.c:3822)
> > ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2112)
> > mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
> > mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4076
> > drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4065)
> > __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
> > mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> > ...
> >
> > The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88810da31000 which belongs to
> > the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048 The buggy address is located 168 bytes inside
> > of freed 2048-byte region [ffff88810da31000, ffff88810da31800)
> >
> > The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
> > page:000000003b5e469d refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000
> > index:0x0 pfn:0x10da30
> > head:000000003b5e469d order:3 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0
> > pincount:0
> > flags: 0x17ffffc0000840(slab|head|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
> > page_type: 0xffffffff()
> > raw: 0017ffffc0000840 ffff888100042f00 ffffea0004180800
> > dead000000000002
> > raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000080008 00000001ffffffff
> > 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
> >
> > Memory state around the buggy address:
> > ffff88810da30f80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
> > ffff88810da31000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> > >ffff88810da31080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> > ^
> > ffff88810da31100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> > ffff88810da31180: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> > ==================================================================
> > Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
> >
> > Fixes: 04876c12c19e ("RDMA/mlx5: Move init and cleanup of UMR to umr.c")
> > Reported-by: syzkaller <[email protected]>
> > Suggested-by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>
> > Signed-off-by: George Kennedy <[email protected]>
> > ---
> > v2: went with fix suggested by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>
> >
> > drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c | 4 +---
> > 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> > b/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> > index 555629b7..5d963ab 100644
> > --- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> > +++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c
> > @@ -4071,10 +4071,8 @@ static int
> > mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init(struct mlx5_ib_dev *dev)
> > return ret;
> >
> > ret = mlx5_mkey_cache_init(dev);
> > - if (ret) {
> > + if (ret)
> > mlx5_ib_warn(dev, "mr cache init failed %d\n", ret);
> > - mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup(dev);
> > - }
> > return ret;
> > }
> >
> > --
> > 1.8.3.1
>

2023-10-31 15:22:07

by Jason Gunthorpe

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] mlx5: fix init stage error handling to avoid double free of same QP and UAF

On Tue, Oct 24, 2023 at 01:01:58PM -0500, George Kennedy wrote:
> In the unlikely event that workqueue allocation fails and returns
> NULL in mlx5_mkey_cache_init(), delete the call to
> mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup() (which frees the QP) in
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init(). This will avoid attempted
> double free of the same QP when __mlx5_ib_add() does its cleanup.
>
> Syzkaller reported a UAF in ib_destroy_qp_user
>
> workqueue: Failed to create a rescuer kthread for wq "mkey_cache": -EINTR
> infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_mkey_cache_init:981:(pid 1642):
> failed to create work queue
> infiniband mlx5_0: mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init:4075:(pid 1642):
> mr cache init failed -12
> ==================================================================
> BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
> Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810da310a8 by task repro_upstream/1642
>
> Call Trace:
> <TASK>
> kasan_report (mm/kasan/report.c:590)
> ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2073)
> mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
> __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4178)
> mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> ...
> </TASK>
>
> Allocated by task 1642:
> __kmalloc (./include/linux/kasan.h:198 mm/slab_common.c:1026
> mm/slab_common.c:1039)
> create_qp (./include/linux/slab.h:603 ./include/linux/slab.h:720
> ./include/rdma/ib_verbs.h:2795 drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1209)
> ib_create_qp_kernel (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:1347)
> mlx5r_umr_resource_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:164)
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4070)
> __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
> mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> ...
>
> Freed by task 1642:
> __kmem_cache_free (mm/slub.c:1826 mm/slub.c:3809 mm/slub.c:3822)
> ib_destroy_qp_user (drivers/infiniband/core/verbs.c:2112)
> mlx5r_umr_resource_cleanup (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/umr.c:198)
> mlx5_ib_stage_post_ib_reg_umr_init (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4076
> drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4065)
> __mlx5_ib_add (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4168)
> mlx5r_probe (drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/main.c:4402)
> ...
>
> The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88810da31000
> which belongs to the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048
> The buggy address is located 168 bytes inside of
> freed 2048-byte region [ffff88810da31000, ffff88810da31800)
>
> The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
> page:000000003b5e469d refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000
> index:0x0 pfn:0x10da30
> head:000000003b5e469d order:3 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0
> pincount:0
> flags: 0x17ffffc0000840(slab|head|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
> page_type: 0xffffffff()
> raw: 0017ffffc0000840 ffff888100042f00 ffffea0004180800 dead000000000002
> raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000080008 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
> page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
>
> Memory state around the buggy address:
> ffff88810da30f80: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
> ffff88810da31000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> >ffff88810da31080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> ^
> ffff88810da31100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> ffff88810da31180: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
> ==================================================================
> Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
>
> Fixes: 04876c12c19e ("RDMA/mlx5: Move init and cleanup of UMR to umr.c")
> Reported-by: syzkaller <[email protected]>
> Suggested-by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: George Kennedy <[email protected]>
> ---
> v2: went with fix suggested by: Leon Romanovsky <[email protected]>

Applied to for-next

Thanks,
Jason