MDS mitigation requires clearing the CPU buffers before returning to
user. This needs to be done late in the exit-to-user path. Current
location of VERW leaves a possibility of kernel data ending up in CPU
buffers for memory accesses done after VERW such as:
1. Kernel data accessed by an NMI between VERW and return-to-user can
remain in CPU buffers since NMI returning to kernel does not
execute VERW to clear CPU buffers.
2. Alyssa reported that after VERW is executed,
CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK=y scrubs the stack used by a system
call. Memory accesses during stack scrubbing can move kernel stack
contents into CPU buffers.
3. When caller saved registers are restored after a return from
function executing VERW, the kernel stack accesses can remain in
CPU buffers(since they occur after VERW).
To fix this VERW needs to be moved very late in exit-to-user path.
In preparation for moving VERW to entry/exit asm code, create macros
that can be used in asm. Also make VERW patching depend on a new feature
flag X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF.
Reported-by: Alyssa Milburn <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: Andrew Cooper <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <[email protected]>
---
arch/x86/entry/entry.S | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 2 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 13 +++++++++++++
3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry.S
index 582731f74dc8..d9feadffa972 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry.S
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/msr-index.h>
+#include <asm/unwind_hints.h>
+#include <asm/segment.h>
+#include <asm/cache.h>
#include "calling.h"
@@ -23,4 +26,23 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(entry_ibpb);
.popsection
+/*
+ * Define the VERW operand that is disguised as entry code so that
+ * it can be referenced with KPTI enabled. This ensure VERW can be
+ * used late in exit-to-user path after page tables are switched.
+ */
+.pushsection .entry.text, "ax"
+
+.align L1_CACHE_BYTES, 0xcc
+SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(mds_verw_sel)
+ UNWIND_HINT_UNDEFINED
+ ANNOTATE_NOENDBR
+ .word __KERNEL_DS
+.align L1_CACHE_BYTES, 0xcc
+SYM_CODE_END(mds_verw_sel);
+/* For KVM */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mds_verw_sel);
+
+.popsection
+
THUNK warn_thunk_thunk, __warn_thunk
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index 315673320f6b..0343caa016a9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
#define X86_FEATURE_SYSENTER32 ( 3*32+15) /* "" sysenter in IA32 userspace */
#define X86_FEATURE_REP_GOOD ( 3*32+16) /* REP microcode works well */
#define X86_FEATURE_AMD_LBR_V2 ( 3*32+17) /* AMD Last Branch Record Extension Version 2 */
-/* FREE, was #define X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC ( 3*32+18) "" LFENCE synchronizes RDTSC */
+#define X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF ( 3*32+18) /* "" Clear CPU buffers using VERW */
#define X86_FEATURE_ACC_POWER ( 3*32+19) /* AMD Accumulated Power Mechanism */
#define X86_FEATURE_NOPL ( 3*32+20) /* The NOPL (0F 1F) instructions */
#define X86_FEATURE_ALWAYS ( 3*32+21) /* "" Always-present feature */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
index 8bd8ed576f91..da1b5a20dea2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -306,6 +306,17 @@
#endif
.endm
+/*
+ * Macro to execute VERW instruction that mitigate transient data sampling
+ * attacks such as MDS. On affected systems a microcode update overloaded VERW
+ * instruction to also clear the CPU buffers. VERW clobbers CFLAGS.ZF.
+ *
+ * Note: Only the memory operand variant of VERW clears the CPU buffers.
+ */
+.macro CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS
+ ALTERNATIVE "", __stringify(verw _ASM_RIP(mds_verw_sel)), X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF
+.endm
+
#else /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
#define ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
@@ -529,6 +540,8 @@ DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(switch_mm_cond_l1d_flush);
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(mmio_stale_data_clear);
+extern u16 mds_verw_sel;
+
#include <asm/segment.h>
/**
--
2.34.1