2024-05-06 01:22:37

by Wei Yang

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set

When CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set, we expect to discard related
code and data. But it doesn't until CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG not set
neither.

This patch puts memblock's .text/.data into its own section, so that it
only depends on CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK to discard related code and
data. After this, init size increase from 2420K to 2432K.

Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <[email protected]>
---
include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 14 +++++++++++++-
include/linux/memblock.h | 8 ++++----
2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
index f7749d0f2562..775c5eedb9e6 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
@@ -147,6 +147,14 @@
#define MEM_DISCARD(sec) *(.mem##sec)
#endif

+#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK)
+#define MEMBLOCK_KEEP(sec) *(.mb##sec)
+#define MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(sec)
+#else
+#define MEMBLOCK_KEEP(sec)
+#define MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(sec) *(.mb##sec)
+#endif
+
#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_NO_PATCHABLE
#define KEEP_PATCHABLE KEEP(*(__patchable_function_entries))
#define PATCHABLE_DISCARDS
@@ -356,6 +364,7 @@
*(.ref.data) \
*(.data..shared_aligned) /* percpu related */ \
MEM_KEEP(init.data*) \
+ MEMBLOCK_KEEP(init.data*) \
*(.data.unlikely) \
__start_once = .; \
*(.data.once) \
@@ -573,6 +582,7 @@
*(.ref.text) \
*(.text.asan.* .text.tsan.*) \
MEM_KEEP(init.text*) \
+ MEMBLOCK_KEEP(init.text*) \


/* sched.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same
@@ -680,6 +690,7 @@
KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*))) \
*(.init.data .init.data.*) \
MEM_DISCARD(init.data*) \
+ MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(init.data*) \
KERNEL_CTORS() \
MCOUNT_REC() \
*(.init.rodata .init.rodata.*) \
@@ -706,7 +717,8 @@
#define INIT_TEXT \
*(.init.text .init.text.*) \
*(.text.startup) \
- MEM_DISCARD(init.text*)
+ MEM_DISCARD(init.text*) \
+ MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(init.text*)

#define EXIT_DATA \
*(.exit.data .exit.data.*) \
diff --git a/include/linux/memblock.h b/include/linux/memblock.h
index e2082240586d..3e1f1d42dde7 100644
--- a/include/linux/memblock.h
+++ b/include/linux/memblock.h
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ struct memblock {

extern struct memblock memblock;

+#define __init_memblock __section(".mbinit.text") __cold notrace \
+ __latent_entropy
+#define __initdata_memblock __section(".mbinit.data")
+
#ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
-#define __init_memblock __meminit
-#define __initdata_memblock __meminitdata
void memblock_discard(void);
#else
-#define __init_memblock
-#define __initdata_memblock
static inline void memblock_discard(void) {}
#endif

--
2.34.1



2024-05-06 10:01:06

by Anshuman Khandual

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set


On 5/6/24 06:51, Wei Yang wrote:
> When CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set, we expect to discard related
> code and data. But it doesn't until CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG not set
> neither.

When CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK is not set memblock information both for
normal and reserved memory get freed up but should the memblock related
code and data also be freed up as well ? Then I would also believe such
memory saving will be very minimal given CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK code
is too limited scoped in the tree.

Also could you please explain how it is related to CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
config being set or not.

>
> This patch puts memblock's .text/.data into its own section, so that it
> only depends on CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK to discard related code and
> data. After this, init size increase from 2420K to 2432K.

Is not this memory size saving some what insignificant to warrant a code
change ? Also is this problem applicable only to CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
config. Could you also provide details on how did you measure these numbers ?

>
> Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <[email protected]>
> ---
> include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 14 +++++++++++++-
> include/linux/memblock.h | 8 ++++----
> 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
> index f7749d0f2562..775c5eedb9e6 100644
> --- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
> +++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
> @@ -147,6 +147,14 @@
> #define MEM_DISCARD(sec) *(.mem##sec)
> #endif
>
> +#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK)
> +#define MEMBLOCK_KEEP(sec) *(.mb##sec)
> +#define MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(sec)
> +#else
> +#define MEMBLOCK_KEEP(sec)
> +#define MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(sec) *(.mb##sec)
> +#endif
> +
> #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_NO_PATCHABLE
> #define KEEP_PATCHABLE KEEP(*(__patchable_function_entries))
> #define PATCHABLE_DISCARDS
> @@ -356,6 +364,7 @@
> *(.ref.data) \
> *(.data..shared_aligned) /* percpu related */ \
> MEM_KEEP(init.data*) \
> + MEMBLOCK_KEEP(init.data*) \
> *(.data.unlikely) \
> __start_once = .; \
> *(.data.once) \
> @@ -573,6 +582,7 @@
> *(.ref.text) \
> *(.text.asan.* .text.tsan.*) \
> MEM_KEEP(init.text*) \
> + MEMBLOCK_KEEP(init.text*) \
>
>
> /* sched.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same
> @@ -680,6 +690,7 @@
> KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*))) \
> *(.init.data .init.data.*) \
> MEM_DISCARD(init.data*) \
> + MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(init.data*) \
> KERNEL_CTORS() \
> MCOUNT_REC() \
> *(.init.rodata .init.rodata.*) \
> @@ -706,7 +717,8 @@
> #define INIT_TEXT \
> *(.init.text .init.text.*) \
> *(.text.startup) \
> - MEM_DISCARD(init.text*)
> + MEM_DISCARD(init.text*) \
> + MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(init.text*)
>
> #define EXIT_DATA \
> *(.exit.data .exit.data.*) \
> diff --git a/include/linux/memblock.h b/include/linux/memblock.h
> index e2082240586d..3e1f1d42dde7 100644
> --- a/include/linux/memblock.h
> +++ b/include/linux/memblock.h
> @@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ struct memblock {
>
> extern struct memblock memblock;
>
> +#define __init_memblock __section(".mbinit.text") __cold notrace \
> + __latent_entropy
> +#define __initdata_memblock __section(".mbinit.data")
> +
> #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
> -#define __init_memblock __meminit
> -#define __initdata_memblock __meminitdata
> void memblock_discard(void);
> #else
> -#define __init_memblock
> -#define __initdata_memblock
> static inline void memblock_discard(void) {}
> #endif
>

2024-05-07 05:17:11

by kernel test robot

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set

Hi Wei,

kernel test robot noticed the following build warnings:

[auto build test WARNING on akpm-mm/mm-everything]

url: https://github.com/intel-lab-lkp/linux/commits/Wei-Yang/mm-memblock-discard-text-data-if-CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK-not-set/20240506-092345
base: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git mm-everything
patch link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240506012104.10864-1-richard.weiyang%40gmail.com
patch subject: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set
config: powerpc-allnoconfig
compiler: powerpc-linux-gcc (GCC) 13.2.0
reproduce (this is a W=1 build):

If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of
the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags
| Reported-by: kernel test robot <[email protected]>
| Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/[email protected]/

All warnings (new ones prefixed by >>):

>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'

--
0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service
https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests/wiki


Attachments:
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reproduce (734.00 B)
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Download all attachments

2024-05-07 08:17:16

by Wei Yang

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set

On Mon, May 06, 2024 at 03:30:54PM +0530, Anshuman Khandual wrote:
>
>On 5/6/24 06:51, Wei Yang wrote:
>> When CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set, we expect to discard related
>> code and data. But it doesn't until CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG not set
>> neither.
>
>When CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK is not set memblock information both for
>normal and reserved memory get freed up but should the memblock related
>code and data also be freed up as well ? Then I would also believe such

If not freed, those functions would access unpredictable area.

>memory saving will be very minimal given CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK code
>is too limited scoped in the tree.

Not very much, it shows 12K more in it.

>
>Also could you please explain how it is related to CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
>config being set or not.
>

This is in file include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h.

MEM_KEEP/MEM_DISCARD is conditionally defined by CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG.
So even __init_memblock is defined as __meminit when CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
not set, it is not discarded.

>>
>> This patch puts memblock's .text/.data into its own section, so that it
>> only depends on CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK to discard related code and
>> data. After this, init size increase from 2420K to 2432K.
>
>Is not this memory size saving some what insignificant to warrant a code
>change ? Also is this problem applicable only to CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK

Yes, this is not significant.

>config. Could you also provide details on how did you measure these numbers ?
>

Kernel print related info in mem_init_print_info(). One of is it
init size, which includes init_data and init_text.

>>
>> Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <[email protected]>
>> ---
>> include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 14 +++++++++++++-
>> include/linux/memblock.h | 8 ++++----
>> 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
>> index f7749d0f2562..775c5eedb9e6 100644
>> --- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
>> +++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
>> @@ -147,6 +147,14 @@
>> #define MEM_DISCARD(sec) *(.mem##sec)
>> #endif
>>
>> +#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK)
>> +#define MEMBLOCK_KEEP(sec) *(.mb##sec)
>> +#define MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(sec)
>> +#else
>> +#define MEMBLOCK_KEEP(sec)
>> +#define MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(sec) *(.mb##sec)
>> +#endif
>> +
>> #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_NO_PATCHABLE
>> #define KEEP_PATCHABLE KEEP(*(__patchable_function_entries))
>> #define PATCHABLE_DISCARDS
>> @@ -356,6 +364,7 @@
>> *(.ref.data) \
>> *(.data..shared_aligned) /* percpu related */ \
>> MEM_KEEP(init.data*) \
>> + MEMBLOCK_KEEP(init.data*) \
>> *(.data.unlikely) \
>> __start_once = .; \
>> *(.data.once) \
>> @@ -573,6 +582,7 @@
>> *(.ref.text) \
>> *(.text.asan.* .text.tsan.*) \
>> MEM_KEEP(init.text*) \
>> + MEMBLOCK_KEEP(init.text*) \
>>
>>
>> /* sched.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same
>> @@ -680,6 +690,7 @@
>> KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*))) \
>> *(.init.data .init.data.*) \
>> MEM_DISCARD(init.data*) \
>> + MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(init.data*) \
>> KERNEL_CTORS() \
>> MCOUNT_REC() \
>> *(.init.rodata .init.rodata.*) \
>> @@ -706,7 +717,8 @@
>> #define INIT_TEXT \
>> *(.init.text .init.text.*) \
>> *(.text.startup) \
>> - MEM_DISCARD(init.text*)
>> + MEM_DISCARD(init.text*) \
>> + MEMBLOCK_DISCARD(init.text*)
>>
>> #define EXIT_DATA \
>> *(.exit.data .exit.data.*) \
>> diff --git a/include/linux/memblock.h b/include/linux/memblock.h
>> index e2082240586d..3e1f1d42dde7 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/memblock.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/memblock.h
>> @@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ struct memblock {
>>
>> extern struct memblock memblock;
>>
>> +#define __init_memblock __section(".mbinit.text") __cold notrace \
>> + __latent_entropy
>> +#define __initdata_memblock __section(".mbinit.data")
>> +
>> #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
>> -#define __init_memblock __meminit
>> -#define __initdata_memblock __meminitdata
>> void memblock_discard(void);
>> #else
>> -#define __init_memblock
>> -#define __initdata_memblock
>> static inline void memblock_discard(void) {}
>> #endif
>>

--
Wei Yang
Help you, Help me

2024-05-07 08:44:07

by Wei Yang

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set

On Tue, May 07, 2024 at 01:13:05PM +0800, kernel test robot wrote:
>Hi Wei,
>
>kernel test robot noticed the following build warnings:
>
>[auto build test WARNING on akpm-mm/mm-everything]
>
>url: https://github.com/intel-lab-lkp/linux/commits/Wei-Yang/mm-memblock-discard-text-data-if-CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK-not-set/20240506-092345
>base: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git mm-everything
>patch link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240506012104.10864-1-richard.weiyang%40gmail.com
>patch subject: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set
>config: powerpc-allnoconfig
>compiler: powerpc-linux-gcc (GCC) 13.2.0
>reproduce (this is a W=1 build):
>
>If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of
>the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags
>| Reported-by: kernel test robot <[email protected]>
>| Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/[email protected]/
>
>All warnings (new ones prefixed by >>):
>
>>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>
>--
>0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service
>https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests/wiki

>reproduce (this is a W=1 build):
> git clone https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests.git ~/lkp-tests
> git remote add akpm-mm https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git
> git fetch akpm-mm mm-everything
> git checkout akpm-mm/mm-everything
> b4 shazam https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
> # save the config file
> mkdir build_dir && cp config build_dir/.config
> COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-13.2.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=powerpc olddefconfig
> COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-13.2.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=powerpc SHELL=/bin/bash

Can I reproduce this on x86? I don't have a powerpc machine.

--
Wei Yang
Help you, Help me

2024-05-08 03:07:22

by kernel test robot

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set

On Tue, May 07, 2024 at 08:43:50AM +0000, Wei Yang wrote:
> On Tue, May 07, 2024 at 01:13:05PM +0800, kernel test robot wrote:
> >Hi Wei,
> >
> >kernel test robot noticed the following build warnings:
> >
> >[auto build test WARNING on akpm-mm/mm-everything]
> >
> >url: https://github.com/intel-lab-lkp/linux/commits/Wei-Yang/mm-memblock-discard-text-data-if-CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK-not-set/20240506-092345
> >base: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git mm-everything
> >patch link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240506012104.10864-1-richard.weiyang%40gmail.com
> >patch subject: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set
> >config: powerpc-allnoconfig
> >compiler: powerpc-linux-gcc (GCC) 13.2.0
> >reproduce (this is a W=1 build):
> >
> >If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of
> >the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags
> >| Reported-by: kernel test robot <[email protected]>
> >| Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/[email protected]/
> >
> >All warnings (new ones prefixed by >>):
> >
> >>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
> >>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
> >>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
> >
> >--
> >0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service
> >https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests/wiki
>
> >reproduce (this is a W=1 build):
> > git clone https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests.git ~/lkp-tests
> > git remote add akpm-mm https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git
> > git fetch akpm-mm mm-everything
> > git checkout akpm-mm/mm-everything
> > b4 shazam https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
> > # save the config file
> > mkdir build_dir && cp config build_dir/.config
> > COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-13.2.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=powerpc olddefconfig
> > COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-13.2.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=powerpc SHELL=/bin/bash
>
> Can I reproduce this on x86? I don't have a powerpc machine.

The above steps are cross compiling for powerpc target on x86
machine, so you can just follow the steps to reproduce on x86.

Thanks,
Yujie

2024-05-10 01:54:44

by Wei Yang

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set

On Wed, May 08, 2024 at 11:06:45AM +0800, Yujie Liu wrote:
>On Tue, May 07, 2024 at 08:43:50AM +0000, Wei Yang wrote:
>> On Tue, May 07, 2024 at 01:13:05PM +0800, kernel test robot wrote:
>> >Hi Wei,
>> >
>> >kernel test robot noticed the following build warnings:
>> >
>> >[auto build test WARNING on akpm-mm/mm-everything]
>> >
>> >url: https://github.com/intel-lab-lkp/linux/commits/Wei-Yang/mm-memblock-discard-text-data-if-CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK-not-set/20240506-092345
>> >base: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git mm-everything
>> >patch link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240506012104.10864-1-richard.weiyang%40gmail.com
>> >patch subject: [PATCH] mm/memblock: discard .text/.data if CONFIG_ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK not set
>> >config: powerpc-allnoconfig
>> >compiler: powerpc-linux-gcc (GCC) 13.2.0
>> >reproduce (this is a W=1 build):
>> >
>> >If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of
>> >the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags
>> >| Reported-by: kernel test robot <[email protected]>
>> >| Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/[email protected]/
>> >
>> >All warnings (new ones prefixed by >>):
>> >
>> >>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>> >>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>> >>> powerpc-linux-ld: warning: orphan section `.mbinit.text' from `mm/memblock.o' being placed in section `.mbinit.text'
>> >
>> >--
>> >0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service
>> >https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests/wiki
>>
>> >reproduce (this is a W=1 build):
>> > git clone https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests.git ~/lkp-tests
>> > git remote add akpm-mm https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git
>> > git fetch akpm-mm mm-everything
>> > git checkout akpm-mm/mm-everything
>> > b4 shazam https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
>> > # save the config file
>> > mkdir build_dir && cp config build_dir/.config
>> > COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-13.2.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=powerpc olddefconfig
>> > COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-13.2.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=powerpc SHELL=/bin/bash
>>
>> Can I reproduce this on x86? I don't have a powerpc machine.
>
>The above steps are cross compiling for powerpc target on x86
>machine, so you can just follow the steps to reproduce on x86.
>

Thanks, this one is helpful.

>Thanks,
>Yujie

--
Wei Yang
Help you, Help me