On arm64, reservation for 'crashkernel=xM,high' is taken by searching for
suitable memory region top down. If the 'xM' of crashkernel high memory
is reserved from high memory successfully, it will try to reserve
crashkernel low memory later accoringly. Otherwise, it will try to search
low memory area for the 'xM' suitable region. Please see the details in
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt.
While we observed an unexpected case where a reserved region crosses the
high and low meomry boundary. E.g on a system with 4G as low memory end,
user added the kernel parameters like: 'crashkernel=512M,high', it could
finally have [4G-126M, 4G+386M], [1G, 1G+128M] regions in running kernel.
The crashkernel high region crossing low and high memory boudary will bring
issues:
1) For crashkernel=x,high, if getting crashkernel high region across
low and high memory boundary, then user will see two memory regions in
low memory, and one memory region in high memory. The two crashkernel
low memory regions are confusing as shown in above example.
2) If people explicityly specify "crashkernel=x,high crashkernel=y,low"
and y <= 128M, when crashkernel high region crosses low and high memory
boundary and the part of crashkernel high reservation below boundary is
bigger than y, the expected crahskernel low reservation will be skipped.
But the expected crashkernel high reservation is shrank and could not
satisfy user space requirement.
3) The crossing boundary behaviour of crahskernel high reservation is
different than x86 arch. On x86_64, the low memory end is 4G fixedly,
and the memory near 4G is reserved by system, e.g for mapping firmware,
pci mapping, so the crashkernel reservation crossing boundary never happens.
From distros point of view, this brings inconsistency and confusion. Users
need to dig into x86 and arm64 system details to find out why.
For kernel itself, the impact of issue 3) could be slight. While issue
1) and 2) cause actual impact because it brings obscure semantics and
behaviour to crashkernel=,high reservation.
Here, for crashkernel=xM,high, search the high memory for the suitable
region only in high memory. If failed, try reserving the suitable
region only in low memory. Like this, the crashkernel high region will
only exist in high memory, and crashkernel low region only exists in low
memory. The reservation behaviour for crashkernel=,high is clearer and
simpler.
Note: On arm64, the high and low memory boudary could be 1G if it's RPi4
system, or 4G if other normal systems.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
---
v2->v3:
- Rephrase patch log to clarify the current crashkernel high
reservation could cross the high and low memory boundary, but not
4G boundary only, because RPi4 of arm64 has high and low memory
boudary as 1G. The v3 patch log could mislead people that the RPi4
also use 4G as high,low memory boundary.
v1->v2:
- Fold patch 2 of v1 into patch 1 for better reviewing.
- Update patch log to add more details.
arch/arm64/mm/init.c | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
index 58a0bb2c17f1..b8cb780df0cb 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
@@ -127,12 +127,13 @@ static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(unsigned long long low_size)
*/
static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
{
- unsigned long long crash_base, crash_size;
- unsigned long long crash_low_size = 0;
+ unsigned long long crash_base, crash_size, search_base;
unsigned long long crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
+ unsigned long long crash_low_size = 0;
char *cmdline = boot_command_line;
- int ret;
bool fixed_base = false;
+ bool high = false;
+ int ret;
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE))
return;
@@ -155,7 +156,9 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
else if (ret)
return;
+ search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
+ high = true;
} else if (ret || !crash_size) {
/* The specified value is invalid */
return;
@@ -166,31 +169,51 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
/* User specifies base address explicitly. */
if (crash_base) {
fixed_base = true;
+ search_base = crash_base;
crash_max = crash_base + crash_size;
}
retry:
crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN,
- crash_base, crash_max);
+ search_base, crash_max);
if (!crash_base) {
/*
- * If the first attempt was for low memory, fall back to
- * high memory, the minimum required low memory will be
- * reserved later.
+ * For crashkernel=size[KMG]@offset[KMG], print out failure
+ * message if can't reserve the specified region.
*/
- if (!fixed_base && (crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX)) {
+ if (fixed_base) {
+ pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * For crashkernel=size[KMG], if the first attempt was for
+ * low memory, fall back to high memory, the minimum required
+ * low memory will be reserved later.
+ */
+ if (!high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) {
crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
+ search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
crash_low_size = DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE;
goto retry;
}
+ /*
+ * For crashkernel=size[KMG],high, if the first attempt was
+ * for high memory, fall back to low memory.
+ */
+ if (high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX) {
+ crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
+ search_base = 0;
+ goto retry;
+ }
pr_warn("cannot allocate crashkernel (size:0x%llx)\n",
crash_size);
return;
}
- if ((crash_base > CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX - crash_low_size) &&
- crash_low_size && reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
+ if ((crash_base >= CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) && crash_low_size &&
+ reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
memblock_phys_free(crash_base, crash_size);
return;
}
--
2.34.1
On 2023/2/23 20:45, Baoquan He wrote:
> On arm64, reservation for 'crashkernel=xM,high' is taken by searching for
> suitable memory region top down. If the 'xM' of crashkernel high memory
> is reserved from high memory successfully, it will try to reserve
> crashkernel low memory later accoringly. Otherwise, it will try to search
> low memory area for the 'xM' suitable region. Please see the details in
> Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt.
>
> While we observed an unexpected case where a reserved region crosses the
> high and low meomry boundary. E.g on a system with 4G as low memory end,
> user added the kernel parameters like: 'crashkernel=512M,high', it could
> finally have [4G-126M, 4G+386M], [1G, 1G+128M] regions in running kernel.
> The crashkernel high region crossing low and high memory boudary will bring
> issues:
>
> 1) For crashkernel=x,high, if getting crashkernel high region across
> low and high memory boundary, then user will see two memory regions in
> low memory, and one memory region in high memory. The two crashkernel
> low memory regions are confusing as shown in above example.
>
> 2) If people explicityly specify "crashkernel=x,high crashkernel=y,low"
> and y <= 128M, when crashkernel high region crosses low and high memory
> boundary and the part of crashkernel high reservation below boundary is
> bigger than y, the expected crahskernel low reservation will be skipped.
> But the expected crashkernel high reservation is shrank and could not
> satisfy user space requirement.
>
> 3) The crossing boundary behaviour of crahskernel high reservation is
> different than x86 arch. On x86_64, the low memory end is 4G fixedly,
> and the memory near 4G is reserved by system, e.g for mapping firmware,
> pci mapping, so the crashkernel reservation crossing boundary never happens.
>>From distros point of view, this brings inconsistency and confusion. Users
> need to dig into x86 and arm64 system details to find out why.
>
> For kernel itself, the impact of issue 3) could be slight. While issue
> 1) and 2) cause actual impact because it brings obscure semantics and
> behaviour to crashkernel=,high reservation.
>
> Here, for crashkernel=xM,high, search the high memory for the suitable
> region only in high memory. If failed, try reserving the suitable
> region only in low memory. Like this, the crashkernel high region will
> only exist in high memory, and crashkernel low region only exists in low
> memory. The reservation behaviour for crashkernel=,high is clearer and
> simpler.
>
> Note: On arm64, the high and low memory boudary could be 1G if it's RPi4
> system, or 4G if other normal systems.
There are two minor review comments, see below. Otherwise:
Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <[email protected]>
>
> Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
> ---
> v2->v3:
> - Rephrase patch log to clarify the current crashkernel high
> reservation could cross the high and low memory boundary, but not
> 4G boundary only, because RPi4 of arm64 has high and low memory
> boudary as 1G. The v3 patch log could mislead people that the RPi4
> also use 4G as high,low memory boundary.
> v1->v2:
> - Fold patch 2 of v1 into patch 1 for better reviewing.
> - Update patch log to add more details.
> arch/arm64/mm/init.c | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
> 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> index 58a0bb2c17f1..b8cb780df0cb 100644
> --- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> @@ -127,12 +127,13 @@ static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(unsigned long long low_size)
> */
> static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
> {
> - unsigned long long crash_base, crash_size;
> - unsigned long long crash_low_size = 0;
> + unsigned long long crash_base, crash_size, search_base;
> unsigned long long crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> + unsigned long long crash_low_size = 0;
> char *cmdline = boot_command_line;
> - int ret;
> bool fixed_base = false;
> + bool high = false;
> + int ret;
>
> if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE))
> return;
> @@ -155,7 +156,9 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
> else if (ret)
> return;
>
> + search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
> + high = true;
> } else if (ret || !crash_size) {
> /* The specified value is invalid */
> return;
> @@ -166,31 +169,51 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
> /* User specifies base address explicitly. */
> if (crash_base) {
> fixed_base = true;
> + search_base = crash_base;
> crash_max = crash_base + crash_size;
> }
>
> retry:
> crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN,
> - crash_base, crash_max);
> + search_base, crash_max);
> if (!crash_base) {
> /*
> - * If the first attempt was for low memory, fall back to
> - * high memory, the minimum required low memory will be
> - * reserved later.
> + * For crashkernel=size[KMG]@offset[KMG], print out failure
> + * message if can't reserve the specified region.
> */
> - if (!fixed_base && (crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX)) {
> + if (fixed_base) {
> + pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
How about changing pr_info to pr_warn?
> + return;
> + }
> +
> + /*
> + * For crashkernel=size[KMG], if the first attempt was for
> + * low memory, fall back to high memory, the minimum required
> + * low memory will be reserved later.
> + */
> + if (!high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) {
> crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
> + search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> crash_low_size = DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE;
> goto retry;
> }
>
> + /*
> + * For crashkernel=size[KMG],high, if the first attempt was
> + * for high memory, fall back to low memory.
> + */
> + if (high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX) {
Adding unlikely to indicate that it is rare would be better.
if (unlikely(high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX))
> + crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> + search_base = 0;
> + goto retry;
> + }
> pr_warn("cannot allocate crashkernel (size:0x%llx)\n",
> crash_size);
> return;
> }
>
> - if ((crash_base > CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX - crash_low_size) &&
> - crash_low_size && reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
> + if ((crash_base >= CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) && crash_low_size &&
> + reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
> memblock_phys_free(crash_base, crash_size);
> return;
> }
>
--
Regards,
Zhen Lei
On 03/02/23 at 11:32am, Leizhen (ThunderTown) wrote:
>
>
> On 2023/2/23 20:45, Baoquan He wrote:
......
> There are two minor review comments, see below. Otherwise:
Makes sense, all accepted. Will update and repost.
Thanks for careful reviewing.
>
> Reviewed-by: Zhen Lei <[email protected]>
>
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
> > ---
> > v2->v3:
> > - Rephrase patch log to clarify the current crashkernel high
> > reservation could cross the high and low memory boundary, but not
> > 4G boundary only, because RPi4 of arm64 has high and low memory
> > boudary as 1G. The v3 patch log could mislead people that the RPi4
> > also use 4G as high,low memory boundary.
> > v1->v2:
> > - Fold patch 2 of v1 into patch 1 for better reviewing.
> > - Update patch log to add more details.
> > arch/arm64/mm/init.c | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
> > 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> > index 58a0bb2c17f1..b8cb780df0cb 100644
> > --- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> > +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> > @@ -127,12 +127,13 @@ static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(unsigned long long low_size)
> > */
> > static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
> > {
> > - unsigned long long crash_base, crash_size;
> > - unsigned long long crash_low_size = 0;
> > + unsigned long long crash_base, crash_size, search_base;
> > unsigned long long crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> > + unsigned long long crash_low_size = 0;
> > char *cmdline = boot_command_line;
> > - int ret;
> > bool fixed_base = false;
> > + bool high = false;
> > + int ret;
> >
> > if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE))
> > return;
> > @@ -155,7 +156,9 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
> > else if (ret)
> > return;
> >
> > + search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> > crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
> > + high = true;
> > } else if (ret || !crash_size) {
> > /* The specified value is invalid */
> > return;
> > @@ -166,31 +169,51 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
> > /* User specifies base address explicitly. */
> > if (crash_base) {
> > fixed_base = true;
> > + search_base = crash_base;
> > crash_max = crash_base + crash_size;
> > }
> >
> > retry:
> > crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN,
> > - crash_base, crash_max);
> > + search_base, crash_max);
> > if (!crash_base) {
> > /*
> > - * If the first attempt was for low memory, fall back to
> > - * high memory, the minimum required low memory will be
> > - * reserved later.
> > + * For crashkernel=size[KMG]@offset[KMG], print out failure
> > + * message if can't reserve the specified region.
> > */
> > - if (!fixed_base && (crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX)) {
> > + if (fixed_base) {
> > + pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
>
> How about changing pr_info to pr_warn?
>
> > + return;
> > + }
> > +
> > + /*
> > + * For crashkernel=size[KMG], if the first attempt was for
> > + * low memory, fall back to high memory, the minimum required
> > + * low memory will be reserved later.
> > + */
> > + if (!high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) {
> > crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
> > + search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> > crash_low_size = DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE;
> > goto retry;
> > }
> >
> > + /*
> > + * For crashkernel=size[KMG],high, if the first attempt was
> > + * for high memory, fall back to low memory.
> > + */
> > + if (high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX) {
>
> Adding unlikely to indicate that it is rare would be better.
>
> if (unlikely(high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX))
>
> > + crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> > + search_base = 0;
> > + goto retry;
> > + }
> > pr_warn("cannot allocate crashkernel (size:0x%llx)\n",
> > crash_size);
> > return;
> > }
> >
> > - if ((crash_base > CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX - crash_low_size) &&
> > - crash_low_size && reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
> > + if ((crash_base >= CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) && crash_low_size &&
> > + reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
> > memblock_phys_free(crash_base, crash_size);
> > return;
> > }
> >
>
> --
> Regards,
> Zhen Lei
>
On 03/02/23 at 11:32am, Leizhen (ThunderTown) wrote:
......
> > @@ -166,31 +169,51 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
> > /* User specifies base address explicitly. */
> > if (crash_base) {
> > fixed_base = true;
> > + search_base = crash_base;
> > crash_max = crash_base + crash_size;
> > }
> >
> > retry:
> > crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN,
> > - crash_base, crash_max);
> > + search_base, crash_max);
> > if (!crash_base) {
> > /*
> > - * If the first attempt was for low memory, fall back to
> > - * high memory, the minimum required low memory will be
> > - * reserved later.
> > + * For crashkernel=size[KMG]@offset[KMG], print out failure
> > + * message if can't reserve the specified region.
> > */
> > - if (!fixed_base && (crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX)) {
> > + if (fixed_base) {
> > + pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
>
> How about changing pr_info to pr_warn?
>
> > + return;
> > + }
> > +
> > + /*
> > + * For crashkernel=size[KMG], if the first attempt was for
> > + * low memory, fall back to high memory, the minimum required
> > + * low memory will be reserved later.
> > + */
> > + if (!high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) {
> > crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
> > + search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> > crash_low_size = DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE;
> > goto retry;
> > }
> >
> > + /*
> > + * For crashkernel=size[KMG],high, if the first attempt was
> > + * for high memory, fall back to low memory.
> > + */
> > + if (high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX) {
>
> Adding unlikely to indicate that it is rare would be better.
>
> if (unlikely(high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX))
Rethink about this and checked code in kernel, seems likely|unlikely are
mostly used in highly frequent execution branch optimize code path, while
crashkernel resevatoin is one time execution during boot, we may not
need to bother to add unlikely. What do you think?
>
> > + crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
> > + search_base = 0;
> > + goto retry;
> > + }
> > pr_warn("cannot allocate crashkernel (size:0x%llx)\n",
> > crash_size);
> > return;
> > }
> >
> > - if ((crash_base > CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX - crash_low_size) &&
> > - crash_low_size && reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
> > + if ((crash_base >= CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) && crash_low_size &&
> > + reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
> > memblock_phys_free(crash_base, crash_size);
> > return;
> > }
> >
>
> --
> Regards,
> Zhen Lei
>
On 2023/3/3 11:01, Baoquan He wrote:
> On 03/02/23 at 11:32am, Leizhen (ThunderTown) wrote:
> ......
>>> @@ -166,31 +169,51 @@ static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
>>> /* User specifies base address explicitly. */
>>> if (crash_base) {
>>> fixed_base = true;
>>> + search_base = crash_base;
>>> crash_max = crash_base + crash_size;
>>> }
>>>
>>> retry:
>>> crash_base = memblock_phys_alloc_range(crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN,
>>> - crash_base, crash_max);
>>> + search_base, crash_max);
>>> if (!crash_base) {
>>> /*
>>> - * If the first attempt was for low memory, fall back to
>>> - * high memory, the minimum required low memory will be
>>> - * reserved later.
>>> + * For crashkernel=size[KMG]@offset[KMG], print out failure
>>> + * message if can't reserve the specified region.
>>> */
>>> - if (!fixed_base && (crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX)) {
>>> + if (fixed_base) {
>>> + pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
>>
>> How about changing pr_info to pr_warn?
>>
>>> + return;
>>> + }
>>> +
>>> + /*
>>> + * For crashkernel=size[KMG], if the first attempt was for
>>> + * low memory, fall back to high memory, the minimum required
>>> + * low memory will be reserved later.
>>> + */
>>> + if (!high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) {
>>> crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX;
>>> + search_base = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
>>> crash_low_size = DEFAULT_CRASH_KERNEL_LOW_SIZE;
>>> goto retry;
>>> }
>>>
>>> + /*
>>> + * For crashkernel=size[KMG],high, if the first attempt was
>>> + * for high memory, fall back to low memory.
>>> + */
>>> + if (high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX) {
>>
>> Adding unlikely to indicate that it is rare would be better.
>>
>> if (unlikely(high && crash_max == CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX))
>
> Rethink about this and checked code in kernel, seems likely|unlikely are
> mostly used in highly frequent execution branch optimize code path, while
> crashkernel resevatoin is one time execution during boot, we may not
> need to bother to add unlikely. What do you think?
OK.
>
>
>>
>>> + crash_max = CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX;
>>> + search_base = 0;
>>> + goto retry;
>>> + }
>>> pr_warn("cannot allocate crashkernel (size:0x%llx)\n",
>>> crash_size);
>>> return;
>>> }
>>>
>>> - if ((crash_base > CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX - crash_low_size) &&
>>> - crash_low_size && reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
>>> + if ((crash_base >= CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX) && crash_low_size &&
>>> + reserve_crashkernel_low(crash_low_size)) {
>>> memblock_phys_free(crash_base, crash_size);
>>> return;
>>> }
>>>
>>
>> --
>> Regards,
>> Zhen Lei
>>
>
> .
>
--
Regards,
Zhen Lei