Disabling compiler optimizations can be fragile, since a new
optimization could be added to -O0 or -Os that breaks the assumptions
the code is making.
Instead of disabling compiler optimizations, use a dummy inline assembly
(based on RELOC_HIDE) to block the problematic kinds of optimization,
while still allowing other optimizations to be applied to the code.
The dummy inline assembly is added after every OR, and has the
accumulator variable as its input and output. The compiler is forced to
assume that the dummy inline assembly could both depend on the
accumulator variable and change the accumulator variable, so it is
forced to compute the value correctly before the inline assembly, and
cannot assume anything about its value after the inline assembly.
This change should be enough to make crypto_memneq work correctly (with
data-independent timing) even if it is inlined at its call sites. That
can be done later in a followup patch.
Compile-tested on x86_64.
Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <[email protected]>
---
v2: Moved the macro to include/linux/compiler*.h as suggested by Daniel
Borkmann.
crypto/Makefile | 5 ---
crypto/memneq.c | 79 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
include/linux/compiler-gcc.h | 3 ++
include/linux/compiler-intel.h | 7 ++++
include/linux/compiler.h | 4 +++
5 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
diff --git a/crypto/Makefile b/crypto/Makefile
index 989c510..b29402a 100644
--- a/crypto/Makefile
+++ b/crypto/Makefile
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
# Cryptographic API
#
-# memneq MUST be built with -Os or -O0 to prevent early-return optimizations
-# that will defeat memneq's actual purpose to prevent timing attacks.
-CFLAGS_REMOVE_memneq.o := -O1 -O2 -O3
-CFLAGS_memneq.o := -Os
-
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO) += crypto.o
crypto-y := api.o cipher.o compress.o memneq.o
diff --git a/crypto/memneq.c b/crypto/memneq.c
index cd01622..570f6f3 100644
--- a/crypto/memneq.c
+++ b/crypto/memneq.c
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ __crypto_memneq_generic(const void *a, const void *b, size_t size)
#if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS)
while (size >= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
neq |= *(unsigned long *)a ^ *(unsigned long *)b;
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
a += sizeof(unsigned long);
b += sizeof(unsigned long);
size -= sizeof(unsigned long);
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ __crypto_memneq_generic(const void *a, const void *b, size_t size)
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS */
while (size > 0) {
neq |= *(unsigned char *)a ^ *(unsigned char *)b;
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
a += 1;
b += 1;
size -= 1;
@@ -89,33 +91,60 @@ __crypto_memneq_generic(const void *a, const void *b, size_t size)
/* Loop-free fast-path for frequently used 16-byte size */
static inline unsigned long __crypto_memneq_16(const void *a, const void *b)
{
+ unsigned long neq = 0;
+
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
- if (sizeof(unsigned long) == 8)
- return ((*(unsigned long *)(a) ^ *(unsigned long *)(b))
- | (*(unsigned long *)(a+8) ^ *(unsigned long *)(b+8)));
- else if (sizeof(unsigned int) == 4)
- return ((*(unsigned int *)(a) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b))
- | (*(unsigned int *)(a+4) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b+4))
- | (*(unsigned int *)(a+8) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b+8))
- | (*(unsigned int *)(a+12) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b+12)));
- else
+ if (sizeof(unsigned long) == 8) {
+ neq |= *(unsigned long *)(a) ^ *(unsigned long *)(b);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned long *)(a+8) ^ *(unsigned long *)(b+8);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ } else if (sizeof(unsigned int) == 4) {
+ neq |= *(unsigned int *)(a) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned int *)(a+4) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b+4);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned int *)(a+8) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b+8);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned int *)(a+12) ^ *(unsigned int *)(b+12);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ } else {
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS */
- return ((*(unsigned char *)(a) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+1) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+1))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+2) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+2))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+3) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+3))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+4) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+4))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+5) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+5))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+6) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+6))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+7) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+7))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+8) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+8))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+9) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+9))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+10) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+10))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+11) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+11))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+12) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+12))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+13) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+13))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+14) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+14))
- | (*(unsigned char *)(a+15) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+15)));
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+1) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+1);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+2) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+2);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+3) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+3);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+4) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+4);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+5) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+5);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+6) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+6);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+7) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+7);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+8) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+8);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+9) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+9);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+10) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+10);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+11) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+11);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+12) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+12);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+13) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+13);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+14) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+14);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ neq |= *(unsigned char *)(a+15) ^ *(unsigned char *)(b+15);
+ OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(neq);
+ }
+
+ return neq;
}
/* Compare two areas of memory without leaking timing information,
diff --git a/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h b/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h
index 24545cd..02ae99e 100644
--- a/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@
__asm__ ("" : "=r"(__ptr) : "0"(ptr)); \
(typeof(ptr)) (__ptr + (off)); })
+/* Make the optimizer believe the variable can be manipulated arbitrarily. */
+#define OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(var) __asm__ ("" : "=r" (var) : "0" (var))
+
#ifdef __CHECKER__
#define __must_be_array(arr) 0
#else
diff --git a/include/linux/compiler-intel.h b/include/linux/compiler-intel.h
index 973ce10..e784f57 100644
--- a/include/linux/compiler-intel.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler-intel.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
*/
#undef barrier
#undef RELOC_HIDE
+#undef OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR
#define barrier() __memory_barrier()
@@ -23,6 +24,12 @@
__ptr = (unsigned long) (ptr); \
(typeof(ptr)) (__ptr + (off)); })
+/* This should act as an optimization barrier on var.
+ * Given that this compiler does not have inline assembly, a compiler barrier
+ * is the best we can do.
+ */
+#define OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(var) barrier()
+
/* Intel ECC compiler doesn't support __builtin_types_compatible_p() */
#define __must_be_array(a) 0
diff --git a/include/linux/compiler.h b/include/linux/compiler.h
index 92669cd..4bf8c45 100644
--- a/include/linux/compiler.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler.h
@@ -170,6 +170,10 @@ void ftrace_likely_update(struct ftrace_branch_data *f, int val, int expect);
(typeof(ptr)) (__ptr + (off)); })
#endif
+#ifndef OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR
+#define OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(var) do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
/* Not-quite-unique ID. */
#ifndef __UNIQUE_ID
# define __UNIQUE_ID(prefix) __PASTE(__PASTE(__UNIQUE_ID_, prefix), __LINE__)
--
1.8.3.1
On 11/25/2013 11:35 PM, Cesar Eduardo Barros wrote:
> Disabling compiler optimizations can be fragile, since a new
> optimization could be added to -O0 or -Os that breaks the assumptions
> the code is making.
>
> Instead of disabling compiler optimizations, use a dummy inline assembly
> (based on RELOC_HIDE) to block the problematic kinds of optimization,
> while still allowing other optimizations to be applied to the code.
>
> The dummy inline assembly is added after every OR, and has the
> accumulator variable as its input and output. The compiler is forced to
> assume that the dummy inline assembly could both depend on the
> accumulator variable and change the accumulator variable, so it is
> forced to compute the value correctly before the inline assembly, and
> cannot assume anything about its value after the inline assembly.
>
> This change should be enough to make crypto_memneq work correctly (with
> data-independent timing) even if it is inlined at its call sites. That
> can be done later in a followup patch.
>
> Compile-tested on x86_64.
>
> Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <[email protected]>
Looks good, thanks!