Hi Kamil Konieczny,
I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
using following encryption method.
aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
When I am trying to format the the hard drive I am getting kernel panic.
I have tired different option like below.
*Please guide me in how to fix this bug*
# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda1 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
# cryptsetup --cipher aes-cbc-essiv --hash sha256 --use-urandom
--key-file=/dev/urandom --master-key-file=/dev/urandom
--keyfile-size=256 --key-size=256 luksFormat /dev/sda1
------------------------[kernel panic]-----------------
root@odroid:~# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda1 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/sda1 irrevocably.
Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
Enter passphrase:
Verify passphrase:
[ 2078.670930] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at
virtual address 00000010
[ 2078.677550] pgd = b0cb4e51
[ 2078.680220] [00000010] *pgd=00000000
[ 2078.683779] Internal error: Oops: 17 [#1] PREEMPT SMP ARM
[ 2078.689148] Modules linked in: algif_skcipher af_alg sd_mod sg
evdev uas usb_storage scsi_mod gpio_keys fbtft(C) spidev spi_s3c64xx
ipv6
[ 2078.701377] CPU: 1 PID: 15 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Tainted: G C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2078.709861] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2078.715932] PC is at memcpy+0x80/0x330
[ 2078.719652] LR is at s5p_tasklet_cb+0x19c/0x328
[ 2078.724155] pc : [<c086a040>] lr : [<c06f48b0>] psr: 00070093
[ 2078.730396] sp : ee917ebc ip : 00000010 fp : ee8cbe30
[ 2078.735594] r10: 00000007 r9 : 00000000 r8 : 60070013
[ 2078.740794] r7 : e7812fc4 r6 : ee23a268 r5 : 00000020 r4 : ee23a210
[ 2078.747294] r3 : e7812fc0 r2 : fffffff0 r1 : 00000010 r0 : f1a6b230
[ 2078.753794] Flags: nzcv IRQs off FIQs on Mode SVC_32 ISA ARM
Segment none
[ 2078.760986] Control: 10c5387d Table: 6d6b006a DAC: 00000051
[ 2078.766705] Process ksoftirqd/1 (pid: 15, stack limit = 0x2572141a)
[ 2078.772944] Stack: (0xee917ebc to 0xee918000)
[ 2078.777276] 7ea0:
00000020
[ 2078.785426] 7ec0: ee23a268 e7812fc4 60070013 f1a6b230 ee23a210
c06f48b0 ee23a23c ee23a240
[ 2078.793578] 7ee0: 00000000 c0c7d29c 00000000 00000100 00000007
c012ad88 c0d03098 00000006
[ 2078.801723] 7f00: ee916000 c0d93948 00000040 c010159c 00000000
c09030a8 ee917f64 ee917f10
[ 2078.809866] 7f20: c0d03080 c0dab3c0 0000000a 0006c904 c0d03d00
04208040 ee8afa40 ffffe000
[ 2078.818012] 7f40: ee8afa40 c0d0c718 ffffe000 00000000 00000000
ee8afb1c ee8cbe30 c012a550
[ 2078.826157] 7f60: ee916000 c0146eac ee8afb00 ee8afac0 00000000
ee916000 ee8afa40 c0146d5c
[ 2078.834303] 7f80: ee8afb1c c0142ff4 00000000 ee8afac0 c0142ed0
00000000 00000000 00000000
[ 2078.842448] 7fa0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 c01088e8 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000
[ 2078.850593] 7fc0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000
[ 2078.858739] 7fe0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000013
00000000 00400000 00080008
[ 2078.866894] [<c086a040>] (memcpy) from [<c06f48b0>]
(s5p_tasklet_cb+0x19c/0x328)
[ 2078.874255] [<c06f48b0>] (s5p_tasklet_cb) from [<c012ad88>]
(tasklet_action+0x58/0xe4)
[ 2078.882140] [<c012ad88>] (tasklet_action) from [<c010159c>]
(__do_softirq+0x114/0x3b0)
[ 2078.890023] [<c010159c>] (__do_softirq) from [<c012a550>]
(run_ksoftirqd+0x3c/0x64)
[ 2078.897650] [<c012a550>] (run_ksoftirqd) from [<c0146eac>]
(smpboot_thread_fn+0x150/0x268)
[ 2078.905884] [<c0146eac>] (smpboot_thread_fn) from [<c0142ff4>]
(kthread+0x124/0x154)
[ 2078.913596] [<c0142ff4>] (kthread) from [<c01088e8>]
(ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c)
[ 2078.920784] Code: e320f000 e4913004 e4914004 e4915004 (e4916004)
[ 2078.926846] ---[ end trace 025fbaef2835f80b ]---
[ 2078.931435] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
[ 2078.937781] CPU2: stopping
[ 2078.940450] CPU: 2 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/2 Tainted: G D C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2078.948684] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2078.954757] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
(show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2078.962467] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
(dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[ 2078.969659] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
(handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
[ 2078.977022] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
(gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 2078.984561] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
(__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2078.992010] Exception stack(0xee8fdf68 to 0xee8fdfb0)
[ 2078.997035] df60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
c011be00 ee8fc000 c0d04d6c
[ 2079.005185] df80: c0d04dbc 00000004 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
ee8fdfc0 2e117000 ee8fdfb8
[ 2079.013328] dfa0: c0109358 c010935c 600e0013 ffffffff
[ 2079.018354] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
(arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
[ 2079.025725] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
(do_idle+0x184/0x218)
[ 2079.033089] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
(cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
[ 2079.040627] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
[ 2079.047554] CPU3: stopping
[ 2079.050240] CPU: 3 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/3 Tainted: G D C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2079.058474] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2079.064543] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
(show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2079.072256] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
(dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[ 2079.079448] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
(handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
[ 2079.086813] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
(gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 2079.094352] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
(__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2079.101801] Exception stack(0xee8fff68 to 0xee8fffb0)
[ 2079.106825] ff60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
c011be00 ee8fe000 c0d04d6c
[ 2079.114976] ff80: c0d04dbc 00000008 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
ee8fffc0 2e128000 ee8fffb8
[ 2079.123120] ffa0: c0109358 c010935c 60000013 ffffffff
[ 2079.128144] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
(arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
[ 2079.135513] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
(do_idle+0x184/0x218)
[ 2079.142878] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
(cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
[ 2079.150417] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
[ 2079.157344] CPU4: stopping
[ 2079.160031] CPU: 4 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/4 Tainted: G D C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2079.168258] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2079.174331] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
(show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2079.182041] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
(dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[ 2079.189232] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
(handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
[ 2079.196597] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
(gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 2079.204136] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
(__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2079.211585] Exception stack(0xee901f68 to 0xee901fb0)
[ 2079.216611] 1f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
c011be00 ee900000 c0d04d6c
[ 2079.224759] 1f80: c0d04dbc 00000010 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
ee901fc0 2e139000 ee901fb8
[ 2079.232903] 1fa0: c0109358 c010935c 600e0013 ffffffff
[ 2079.237930] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
(arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
[ 2079.245298] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
(do_idle+0x184/0x218)
[ 2079.252662] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
(cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
[ 2079.260200] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
[ 2079.267132] CPU0: stopping
[ 2079.269832] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G D C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2079.278055] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2079.284124] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
(show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2079.291837] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
(dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[ 2079.299029] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
(handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
[ 2079.306395] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
(gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 2079.313933] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
(__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2079.321382] Exception stack(0xc0d01f30 to 0xc0d01f78)
[ 2079.326406] 1f20: 00000001
00000000 00000000 c011be00
[ 2079.334557] 1f40: c0d00000 c0d04d6c c0d04dbc 00000001 c0c84870
00000000 00000000 c0d01f88
[ 2079.342702] 1f60: 2e0f5000 c0d01f80 c0109358 c010935c 600f0013 ffffffff
[ 2079.349287] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
(arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
[ 2079.356655] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
(do_idle+0x184/0x218)
[ 2079.364020] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
(cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
[ 2079.371564] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<c0c00cf8>]
(start_kernel+0x40c/0x418)
[ 2079.379700] CPU5: stopping
[ 2079.382383] CPU: 5 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/5 Tainted: G D C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2079.390613] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2079.396681] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
(show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2079.404394] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
(dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[ 2079.411586] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
(handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
[ 2079.418950] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
(gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 2079.426489] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
(__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2079.433940] Exception stack(0xee903f68 to 0xee903fb0)
[ 2079.438966] 3f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
c011be00 ee902000 c0d04d6c
[ 2079.447113] 3f80: c0d04dbc 00000020 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
ee903fc0 2e14a000 ee903fb8
[ 2079.455257] 3fa0: c0109358 c010935c 60070013 ffffffff
[ 2079.460284] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
(arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
[ 2079.467651] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
(do_idle+0x184/0x218)
[ 2079.475016] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
(cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
[ 2079.482554] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
[ 2079.489485] CPU6: stopping
[ 2079.492172] CPU: 6 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/6 Tainted: G D C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2079.500404] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2079.506472] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
(show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2079.514184] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
(dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[ 2079.521377] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
(handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
[ 2079.528742] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
(gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 2079.536280] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
(__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2079.543730] Exception stack(0xee905f68 to 0xee905fb0)
[ 2079.548757] 5f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
c011be00 ee904000 c0d04d6c
[ 2079.556904] 5f80: c0d04dbc 00000040 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
ee905fc0 2e15b000 ee905fb8
[ 2079.565048] 5fa0: c0109358 c010935c 600e0013 ffffffff
[ 2079.570075] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
(arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
[ 2079.577442] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
(do_idle+0x184/0x218)
[ 2079.584807] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
(cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
[ 2079.592345] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
[ 2079.599276] CPU7: stopping
[ 2079.601962] CPU: 7 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Tainted: G D C
4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
[ 2079.610194] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
[ 2079.616263] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
(show_stack+0x10/0x14)
[ 2079.623975] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
(dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
[ 2079.631167] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
(handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
[ 2079.638532] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
(gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
[ 2079.646071] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
(__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
[ 2079.653521] Exception stack(0xee907f68 to 0xee907fb0)
[ 2079.658547] 7f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
c011be00 ee906000 c0d04d6c
[ 2079.666695] 7f80: c0d04dbc 00000080 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
ee907fc0 2e16c000 ee907fb8
[ 2079.674839] 7fa0: c0109358 c010935c 600d0013 ffffffff
[ 2079.679865] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
(arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
[ 2079.687233] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
(do_idle+0x184/0x218)
[ 2079.694598] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
(cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
[ 2079.702136] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
[ 2079.709079] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
Best Regards
-Anand
On Wed, Jan 24, 2018 at 2:04 PM, Anand Moon <[email protected]> wrote:
> Hi Kamil Konieczny,
>
> I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
> using following encryption method.
>
> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
>
> Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
>
> Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
No problems on my side with a 128 MB file (not a device):
# cryptsetup -v luksFormat /tmp/testcrypt /dev/urandom
--keyfile-size=32 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
# Command successful.
# cryptsetup -v luksFormat ~/testcrypt /dev/urandom --keyfile-size=32
--cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
# Command successful.
Linux 4.15.0-rc9-00023-g1f07476ec143.
Some time ago you were building from not usual source code and your
kernel version from WARN is not unambiguous.
What is necessary to reproduce it?
Best regards,
Krzysztof
>
> When I am trying to format the the hard drive I am getting kernel panic.
> I have tired different option like below.
>
> *Please guide me in how to fix this bug*
>
> # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda1 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
> # cryptsetup --cipher aes-cbc-essiv --hash sha256 --use-urandom
> --key-file=/dev/urandom --master-key-file=/dev/urandom
> --keyfile-size=256 --key-size=256 luksFormat /dev/sda1
>
> ------------------------[kernel panic]-----------------
> root@odroid:~# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda1 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
>
> WARNING!
> ========
> This will overwrite data on /dev/sda1 irrevocably.
>
> Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
> Enter passphrase:
> Verify passphrase:
>
> [ 2078.670930] Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at
> virtual address 00000010
> [ 2078.677550] pgd = b0cb4e51
> [ 2078.680220] [00000010] *pgd=00000000
> [ 2078.683779] Internal error: Oops: 17 [#1] PREEMPT SMP ARM
> [ 2078.689148] Modules linked in: algif_skcipher af_alg sd_mod sg
> evdev uas usb_storage scsi_mod gpio_keys fbtft(C) spidev spi_s3c64xx
> ipv6
> [ 2078.701377] CPU: 1 PID: 15 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Tainted: G C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2078.709861] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2078.715932] PC is at memcpy+0x80/0x330
> [ 2078.719652] LR is at s5p_tasklet_cb+0x19c/0x328
> [ 2078.724155] pc : [<c086a040>] lr : [<c06f48b0>] psr: 00070093
> [ 2078.730396] sp : ee917ebc ip : 00000010 fp : ee8cbe30
> [ 2078.735594] r10: 00000007 r9 : 00000000 r8 : 60070013
> [ 2078.740794] r7 : e7812fc4 r6 : ee23a268 r5 : 00000020 r4 : ee23a210
> [ 2078.747294] r3 : e7812fc0 r2 : fffffff0 r1 : 00000010 r0 : f1a6b230
> [ 2078.753794] Flags: nzcv IRQs off FIQs on Mode SVC_32 ISA ARM
> Segment none
> [ 2078.760986] Control: 10c5387d Table: 6d6b006a DAC: 00000051
> [ 2078.766705] Process ksoftirqd/1 (pid: 15, stack limit = 0x2572141a)
> [ 2078.772944] Stack: (0xee917ebc to 0xee918000)
> [ 2078.777276] 7ea0:
> 00000020
> [ 2078.785426] 7ec0: ee23a268 e7812fc4 60070013 f1a6b230 ee23a210
> c06f48b0 ee23a23c ee23a240
> [ 2078.793578] 7ee0: 00000000 c0c7d29c 00000000 00000100 00000007
> c012ad88 c0d03098 00000006
> [ 2078.801723] 7f00: ee916000 c0d93948 00000040 c010159c 00000000
> c09030a8 ee917f64 ee917f10
> [ 2078.809866] 7f20: c0d03080 c0dab3c0 0000000a 0006c904 c0d03d00
> 04208040 ee8afa40 ffffe000
> [ 2078.818012] 7f40: ee8afa40 c0d0c718 ffffe000 00000000 00000000
> ee8afb1c ee8cbe30 c012a550
> [ 2078.826157] 7f60: ee916000 c0146eac ee8afb00 ee8afac0 00000000
> ee916000 ee8afa40 c0146d5c
> [ 2078.834303] 7f80: ee8afb1c c0142ff4 00000000 ee8afac0 c0142ed0
> 00000000 00000000 00000000
> [ 2078.842448] 7fa0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 c01088e8 00000000
> 00000000 00000000 00000000
> [ 2078.850593] 7fc0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
> 00000000 00000000 00000000
> [ 2078.858739] 7fe0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000013
> 00000000 00400000 00080008
> [ 2078.866894] [<c086a040>] (memcpy) from [<c06f48b0>]
> (s5p_tasklet_cb+0x19c/0x328)
> [ 2078.874255] [<c06f48b0>] (s5p_tasklet_cb) from [<c012ad88>]
> (tasklet_action+0x58/0xe4)
> [ 2078.882140] [<c012ad88>] (tasklet_action) from [<c010159c>]
> (__do_softirq+0x114/0x3b0)
> [ 2078.890023] [<c010159c>] (__do_softirq) from [<c012a550>]
> (run_ksoftirqd+0x3c/0x64)
> [ 2078.897650] [<c012a550>] (run_ksoftirqd) from [<c0146eac>]
> (smpboot_thread_fn+0x150/0x268)
> [ 2078.905884] [<c0146eac>] (smpboot_thread_fn) from [<c0142ff4>]
> (kthread+0x124/0x154)
> [ 2078.913596] [<c0142ff4>] (kthread) from [<c01088e8>]
> (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c)
> [ 2078.920784] Code: e320f000 e4913004 e4914004 e4915004 (e4916004)
> [ 2078.926846] ---[ end trace 025fbaef2835f80b ]---
> [ 2078.931435] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
> [ 2078.937781] CPU2: stopping
> [ 2078.940450] CPU: 2 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/2 Tainted: G D C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2078.948684] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2078.954757] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
> (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
> [ 2078.962467] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
> (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
> [ 2078.969659] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
> (handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
> [ 2078.977022] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
> (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
> [ 2078.984561] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
> (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
> [ 2078.992010] Exception stack(0xee8fdf68 to 0xee8fdfb0)
> [ 2078.997035] df60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
> c011be00 ee8fc000 c0d04d6c
> [ 2079.005185] df80: c0d04dbc 00000004 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
> ee8fdfc0 2e117000 ee8fdfb8
> [ 2079.013328] dfa0: c0109358 c010935c 600e0013 ffffffff
> [ 2079.018354] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
> (arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
> [ 2079.025725] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
> (do_idle+0x184/0x218)
> [ 2079.033089] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
> (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
> [ 2079.040627] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
> [ 2079.047554] CPU3: stopping
> [ 2079.050240] CPU: 3 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/3 Tainted: G D C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2079.058474] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2079.064543] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
> (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
> [ 2079.072256] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
> (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
> [ 2079.079448] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
> (handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
> [ 2079.086813] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
> (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
> [ 2079.094352] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
> (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
> [ 2079.101801] Exception stack(0xee8fff68 to 0xee8fffb0)
> [ 2079.106825] ff60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
> c011be00 ee8fe000 c0d04d6c
> [ 2079.114976] ff80: c0d04dbc 00000008 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
> ee8fffc0 2e128000 ee8fffb8
> [ 2079.123120] ffa0: c0109358 c010935c 60000013 ffffffff
> [ 2079.128144] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
> (arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
> [ 2079.135513] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
> (do_idle+0x184/0x218)
> [ 2079.142878] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
> (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
> [ 2079.150417] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
> [ 2079.157344] CPU4: stopping
> [ 2079.160031] CPU: 4 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/4 Tainted: G D C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2079.168258] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2079.174331] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
> (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
> [ 2079.182041] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
> (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
> [ 2079.189232] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
> (handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
> [ 2079.196597] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
> (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
> [ 2079.204136] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
> (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
> [ 2079.211585] Exception stack(0xee901f68 to 0xee901fb0)
> [ 2079.216611] 1f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
> c011be00 ee900000 c0d04d6c
> [ 2079.224759] 1f80: c0d04dbc 00000010 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
> ee901fc0 2e139000 ee901fb8
> [ 2079.232903] 1fa0: c0109358 c010935c 600e0013 ffffffff
> [ 2079.237930] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
> (arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
> [ 2079.245298] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
> (do_idle+0x184/0x218)
> [ 2079.252662] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
> (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
> [ 2079.260200] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
> [ 2079.267132] CPU0: stopping
> [ 2079.269832] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G D C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2079.278055] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2079.284124] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
> (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
> [ 2079.291837] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
> (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
> [ 2079.299029] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
> (handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
> [ 2079.306395] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
> (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
> [ 2079.313933] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
> (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
> [ 2079.321382] Exception stack(0xc0d01f30 to 0xc0d01f78)
> [ 2079.326406] 1f20: 00000001
> 00000000 00000000 c011be00
> [ 2079.334557] 1f40: c0d00000 c0d04d6c c0d04dbc 00000001 c0c84870
> 00000000 00000000 c0d01f88
> [ 2079.342702] 1f60: 2e0f5000 c0d01f80 c0109358 c010935c 600f0013 ffffffff
> [ 2079.349287] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
> (arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
> [ 2079.356655] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
> (do_idle+0x184/0x218)
> [ 2079.364020] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
> (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
> [ 2079.371564] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<c0c00cf8>]
> (start_kernel+0x40c/0x418)
> [ 2079.379700] CPU5: stopping
> [ 2079.382383] CPU: 5 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/5 Tainted: G D C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2079.390613] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2079.396681] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
> (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
> [ 2079.404394] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
> (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
> [ 2079.411586] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
> (handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
> [ 2079.418950] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
> (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
> [ 2079.426489] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
> (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
> [ 2079.433940] Exception stack(0xee903f68 to 0xee903fb0)
> [ 2079.438966] 3f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
> c011be00 ee902000 c0d04d6c
> [ 2079.447113] 3f80: c0d04dbc 00000020 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
> ee903fc0 2e14a000 ee903fb8
> [ 2079.455257] 3fa0: c0109358 c010935c 60070013 ffffffff
> [ 2079.460284] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
> (arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
> [ 2079.467651] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
> (do_idle+0x184/0x218)
> [ 2079.475016] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
> (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
> [ 2079.482554] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
> [ 2079.489485] CPU6: stopping
> [ 2079.492172] CPU: 6 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/6 Tainted: G D C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2079.500404] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2079.506472] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
> (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
> [ 2079.514184] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
> (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
> [ 2079.521377] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
> (handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
> [ 2079.528742] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
> (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
> [ 2079.536280] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
> (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
> [ 2079.543730] Exception stack(0xee905f68 to 0xee905fb0)
> [ 2079.548757] 5f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
> c011be00 ee904000 c0d04d6c
> [ 2079.556904] 5f80: c0d04dbc 00000040 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
> ee905fc0 2e15b000 ee905fb8
> [ 2079.565048] 5fa0: c0109358 c010935c 600e0013 ffffffff
> [ 2079.570075] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
> (arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
> [ 2079.577442] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
> (do_idle+0x184/0x218)
> [ 2079.584807] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
> (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
> [ 2079.592345] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
> [ 2079.599276] CPU7: stopping
> [ 2079.601962] CPU: 7 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Tainted: G D C
> 4.15.0-rc9-xu4krck #1
> [ 2079.610194] Hardware name: SAMSUNG EXYNOS (Flattened Device Tree)
> [ 2079.616263] [<c0110c28>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c010ced0>]
> (show_stack+0x10/0x14)
> [ 2079.623975] [<c010ced0>] (show_stack) from [<c086bac8>]
> (dump_stack+0x84/0x98)
> [ 2079.631167] [<c086bac8>] (dump_stack) from [<c010fbb4>]
> (handle_IPI+0x334/0x3a8)
> [ 2079.638532] [<c010fbb4>] (handle_IPI) from [<c0101484>]
> (gic_handle_irq+0x98/0x9c)
> [ 2079.646071] [<c0101484>] (gic_handle_irq) from [<c010da4c>]
> (__irq_svc+0x6c/0xa8)
> [ 2079.653521] Exception stack(0xee907f68 to 0xee907fb0)
> [ 2079.658547] 7f60: 00000001 00000000 00000000
> c011be00 ee906000 c0d04d6c
> [ 2079.666695] 7f80: c0d04dbc 00000080 c0c84870 00000000 00000000
> ee907fc0 2e16c000 ee907fb8
> [ 2079.674839] 7fa0: c0109358 c010935c 600d0013 ffffffff
> [ 2079.679865] [<c010da4c>] (__irq_svc) from [<c010935c>]
> (arch_cpu_idle+0x38/0x3c)
> [ 2079.687233] [<c010935c>] (arch_cpu_idle) from [<c01659b8>]
> (do_idle+0x184/0x218)
> [ 2079.694598] [<c01659b8>] (do_idle) from [<c0165cf4>]
> (cpu_startup_entry+0x18/0x1c)
> [ 2079.702136] [<c0165cf4>] (cpu_startup_entry) from [<401018cc>] (0x401018cc)
> [ 2079.709079] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
>
> Best Regards
> -Anand
Hi Krzysztof,
On 24 January 2018 at 19:31, Krzysztof Kozlowski <[email protected]> wrote:
> On Wed, Jan 24, 2018 at 2:04 PM, Anand Moon <[email protected]> wrote:
>> Hi Kamil Konieczny,
>>
>> I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
>> using following encryption method.
>>
>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
>>
>> Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
>>
>> Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
>
> No problems on my side with a 128 MB file (not a device):
> # cryptsetup -v luksFormat /tmp/testcrypt /dev/urandom
> --keyfile-size=32 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
> # Command successful.
> # cryptsetup -v luksFormat ~/testcrypt /dev/urandom --keyfile-size=32
> --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
> # Command successful.
>
> Linux 4.15.0-rc9-00023-g1f07476ec143.
>
> Some time ago you were building from not usual source code and your
> kernel version from WARN is not unambiguous.
>
> What is necessary to reproduce it?
[snip]
I am build the latest kernel
I have check you [0] https://github.com/krzk/tools testcase it pass.
To reproduce the issue you need to run.
[1] crypto benchmark shell script https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
If we leave out below testcase case most of the test case passes with
hard-drive or /tmp/testcontainer.bin
aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
Below is the command form the testcase which fails.
+ [[ ! -e /tmp/testcontainer.bin ]]
+ fallocate -l 939524096 /tmp/testcontainer.bin
+ [[ ! -e /tmp/testkey.key ]]
+ dd if=/dev/urandom of=/tmp/testkey.key bs=512 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes copied, 0.000123042 s, 4.2 MB/s
+ sync
+ [[ ! -d /mnt ]]
+ trap control_c EXIT
+ test_cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
+ local cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
+ local keysize=128
+ echo ''
+ echo 'aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 (128 bit key)'
aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 (128 bit key)
+ cryptsetup luksFormat -q -d /tmp/testkey.key --cipher
aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 -h sha512 -s 128 /tmp/testcontainer.bin
with kernel panic.
Best Regards
-Anand
Hi Anand,
On 24.01.2018 14:04, Anand Moon wrote:
> Hi Kamil Konieczny,
>
> I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
> using following encryption method.
>
> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
>
> Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
>
> Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
>
> When I am trying to format the the hard drive I am getting kernel panic.
> I have tired different option like below.
>
> *Please guide me in how to fix this bug*
> [...]
Sorry for late response, I was on holidays. Try latest kernel 4.15
and turn off option:
CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_EXYNOS_HASH=n
in
Cryptographic API:
Hardware crypto devices:
Support for Samsung Exynos HASH accelerator --> turn off
You should also turn on option for software SHA256 (and maybe SHA1)
This is last change in this driver,
so maybe there is some problem with concurrent access to hardware
by AES and HASH driver parts.
--
Best regards,
Kamil Konieczny
Samsung R&D Institute Poland
Hi Kamil,
On 30 January 2018 at 21:02, Kamil Konieczny
<[email protected]> wrote:
> Hi Anand,
>
> On 24.01.2018 14:04, Anand Moon wrote:
>> Hi Kamil Konieczny,
>>
>> I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
>> using following encryption method.
>>
>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
>>
>> Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
>>
>> Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
>>
>> When I am trying to format the the hard drive I am getting kernel panic.
>> I have tired different option like below.
>>
>> *Please guide me in how to fix this bug*
>> [...]
>
> Sorry for late response, I was on holidays. Try latest kernel 4.15
> and turn off option:
>
> CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_EXYNOS_HASH=n
>
> in
>
> Cryptographic API:
> Hardware crypto devices:
> Support for Samsung Exynos HASH accelerator --> turn off
>
> You should also turn on option for software SHA256 (and maybe SHA1)
>
> This is last change in this driver,
> so maybe there is some problem with concurrent access to hardware
> by AES and HASH driver parts.
>
Thanks for your input, but I tried your suggestion on latest kernel.
but the result is the same.
How can I help trace this bug. please guide me.
Best Regards
-Anand
> --
> Best regards,
> Kamil Konieczny
> Samsung R&D Institute Poland
>
On 31.01.2018 06:51, Anand Moon wrote:
> Hi Kamil,
>
> On 30 January 2018 at 21:02, Kamil Konieczny
> <[email protected]> wrote:
>> Hi Anand,
>>
>> On 24.01.2018 14:04, Anand Moon wrote:
>>> Hi Kamil Konieczny,
>>>
>>> I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
>>> using following encryption method.
>>>
>>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
>>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
>>>
>>> Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
>>>
>>> Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
>>>
>>> When I am trying to format the the hard drive I am getting kernel panic.
>>> I have tired different option like below.
>>>
>>> *Please guide me in how to fix this bug*
>>> [...]
>>
>> Sorry for late response, I was on holidays. Try latest kernel 4.15
>> and turn off option:
>> [...]
>
> Thanks for your input, but I tried your suggestion on latest kernel.
> but the result is the same.
>
> How can I help trace this bug. please guide me.
I was able to reproduce this bug with latest kernel 4.15 on Odroid HC1,
I am debugging it now.
Thank you for reporting it.
--
Best regards,
Kamil Konieczny
Samsung R&D Institute Poland
On 24.01.2018 15:01, Krzysztof Kozlowski wrote:
> On Wed, Jan 24, 2018 at 2:04 PM, Anand Moon <[email protected]> wrote:
>> Hi Kamil Konieczny,
>>
>> I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
>> using following encryption method.
>>
>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
>>
>> Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
>>
>> Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
>
> No problems on my side with a 128 MB file (not a device):
> # cryptsetup -v luksFormat /tmp/testcrypt /dev/urandom
> --keyfile-size=32 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
> # Command successful.
> # cryptsetup -v luksFormat ~/testcrypt /dev/urandom --keyfile-size=32
> --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
> # Command successful.
What version is cryptsetup ?
>
> Linux 4.15.0-rc9-00023-g1f07476ec143.
>
> Some time ago you were building from not usual source code and your
> kernel version from WARN is not unambiguous.
>
> What is necessary to reproduce it?
>>[...]
I get OOPS with cryptsetup 2.0.0, kernel 4.15
If you have older cryptsetup, please keep it for reference.
For now, I found that crypto-api or dm-crypt try to use aes-ecb
instead of aes-cbc, and sets req->info (pointer used for passing IV) to 0x10
--
Best regards,
Kamil Konieczny
Samsung R&D Institute Poland
Hi Kamil,
On 2 February 2018 at 23:05, Kamil Konieczny
<[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> On 24.01.2018 15:01, Krzysztof Kozlowski wrote:
>> On Wed, Jan 24, 2018 at 2:04 PM, Anand Moon <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> Hi Kamil Konieczny,
>>>
>>> I am looking in setup of encrypted sata hard-disk on Odroid XU4/HC1 device.
>>> using following encryption method.
>>>
>>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 128
>>> aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 256
>>>
>>> Here is my defconfig I am using. https://pastebin.com/gF5T2stp
>>>
>>> Following crypt benchmark we use to test : https://pastebin.com/WiexsJA2
>>
>> No problems on my side with a 128 MB file (not a device):
>> # cryptsetup -v luksFormat /tmp/testcrypt /dev/urandom
>> --keyfile-size=32 --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
>> # Command successful.
>> # cryptsetup -v luksFormat ~/testcrypt /dev/urandom --keyfile-size=32
>> --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
>> # Command successful.
>
> What version is cryptsetup ?
>
At my end I am using below version.
root@odroid:~# cryptsetup --version
cryptsetup 1.6.6
>>
>> Linux 4.15.0-rc9-00023-g1f07476ec143.
>>
>> Some time ago you were building from not usual source code and your
>> kernel version from WARN is not unambiguous.
>>
>> What is necessary to reproduce it?
>>>[...]
>
> I get OOPS with cryptsetup 2.0.0, kernel 4.15
>
I will try to get test with new version of cryptsetup 2.0.0.
> If you have older cryptsetup, please keep it for reference.
>
> For now, I found that crypto-api or dm-crypt try to use aes-ecb
> instead of aes-cbc, and sets req->info (pointer used for passing IV) to 0x10
>
Ok.
Best Regards
-Anand
> --
> Best regards,
> Kamil Konieczny
> Samsung R&D Institute Poland
>